Add 1.1.3 changes

This was a bug from 2fb02d57ed

.eslintrc.json

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "env": {
-        "node": true,
-        "es6": true
-    },
-    "extends": "eslint:recommended",
-    "parserOptions": {
-        "ecmaVersion": 8
-    },
-    "rules": {
-        "indent": [
-            "error",
-            4
-        ],
-        "linebreak-style": [
-            "error",
-            "unix"
-        ],
-        "quotes": [
-            "error",
-            "single"
-        ],
-        "semi": [
-            "error",
-            "always"
-        ],
-        "no-console": "off"
-    }
-}

.gitattributes

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 # following files are skipped when exporting using git archive
 test export-ignore
-.jshintrc export-ignore
-.gitlab export-ignore
+docs export-ignore
 .gitattributes export-ignore
 .gitignore export-ignore
 

.gitignore

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 node_modules/
 coverage/
 webadmin/dist/
+setup/splash/website/
 installer/src/certs/server.key
 
 # vim swap files
 *.swp
 
+

.gitlab/issue_templates/Bug.md

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-Please do not use this issue tracker for support requests and bug reports.
-This issue tracker is used by the Cloudron development team to track actual
-bugs in the code.
-
-Please use the forum at https://forum.cloudron.io to report bugs. For
-confidential issues, please email us at support@cloudron.io.

.gitlab/issue_templates/Feature.md

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-Please do not use this issue tracker for support requests and feature reports.
-This issue tracker is used by the Cloudron development team to track issues in
-the code.
-
-Please use the forum at https://forum.cloudron.io to report bugs. For
-confidential issues, please email us at support@cloudron.io.
-

.jshintrc

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 {
     "node": true,
+    "browser": true,
     "unused": true,
-    "esversion": 8
+    "globalstrict": true,
+    "predef": [ "angular", "$" ],
+    "esnext": true
 }

LICENSE

@@ -1,35 +1,661 @@
-The Cloudron Subscription license
-Copyright (c) 2020 Cloudron UG
+                    GNU AFFERO GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 19 November 2007
 
-With regard to the Cloudron Software:
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
 
-This software and associated documentation files (the "Software") may only be
-used in production, if you (and any entity that you represent) have agreed to,
-and are in compliance with, the Cloudron Subscription Terms of Service, available
-at https://cloudron.io/legal/terms.html (the “Subscription Terms”), or other
-agreement governing the use of the Software, as agreed by you and Cloudron,
-and otherwise have a valid Cloudron Subscription. Subject to the foregoing sentence,
-you are free to modify this Software and publish patches to the Software. You agree
-that Subscription and/or its licensors (as applicable) retain all right, title and
-interest in and to all such modifications and/or patches, and all such modifications
-and/or patches may only be used, copied, modified, displayed, distributed, or otherwise
-exploited with a valid Cloudron subscription. Notwithstanding the foregoing, you may copy
-and modify the Software for development and testing purposes, without requiring a
-subscription.  You agree that Cloudron and/or its licensors (as applicable) retain
-all right, title and interest in and to all such modifications.  You are not
-granted any other rights beyond what is expressly stated herein.  Subject to the
-foregoing, it is forbidden to copy, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
-and/or sell the Software.
+                            Preamble
 
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
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+  The GNU Affero General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
+software and other kinds of works, specifically designed to ensure
+cooperation with the community in the case of network server software.
 
-For all third party components incorporated into the Cloudron Software, those
-components are licensed under the original license provided by the owner of the
-applicable component.
+  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
+to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
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+patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
+conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
+for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
+contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
+or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
+
+  Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
+any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
+otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
+
+  12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+
+  If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a
+covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
+License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
+not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
+to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
+the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
+License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
+
+  13. Remote Network Interaction; Use with the GNU General Public License.
+
+  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, if you modify the
+Program, your modified version must prominently offer all users
+interacting with it remotely through a computer network (if your version
+supports such interaction) an opportunity to receive the Corresponding
+Source of your version by providing access to the Corresponding Source
+from a network server at no charge, through some standard or customary
+means of facilitating copying of software.  This Corresponding Source
+shall include the Corresponding Source for any work covered by version 3
+of the GNU General Public License that is incorporated pursuant to the
+following paragraph.
+
+  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
+permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
+under version 3 of the GNU General Public License into a single
+combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
+License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
+but the work with which it is combined will remain governed by version
+3 of the GNU General Public License.
+
+  14. Revised Versions of this License.
+
+  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
+the GNU Affero General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions
+will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
+  Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
+Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Affero General
+Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
+option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
+version or of any later version published by the Free Software
+Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
+GNU Affero General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
+by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
+versions of the GNU Affero General Public License can be used, that proxy's
+public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
+to choose that version for the Program.
+
+  Later license versions may give you additional or different
+permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
+author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
+later version.
+
+  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+
+  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
+APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
+OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
+IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
+ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  16. Limitation of Liability.
+
+  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
+THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
+GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
+USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
+DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
+PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
+EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    box
+    Copyright (C) 2016 Cloudron UG
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+    by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+  If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer
+network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to
+get its source.  For example, if your program is a web application, its
+interface could display a "Source" link that leads users to an archive
+of the code.  There are many ways you could offer source, and different
+solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for the
+specific requirements.
+
+  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

README.md

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-![Translation status](https://translate.cloudron.io/widgets/cloudron/-/svg-badge.svg)
-
 # Cloudron
 
 [Cloudron](https://cloudron.io) is the best way to run apps on your server.
@@ -11,6 +9,10 @@ a complex task.
 We are building the ultimate platform for self-hosting web apps. The Cloudron allows
 anyone to effortlessly host web applications on their server on their own terms.
 
+Support us on
+[![Flattr Cloudron](https://button.flattr.com/flattr-badge-large.png)](https://flattr.com/submit/auto?user_id=cloudron&url=https://cloudron.io&title=Cloudron&tags=opensource&category=software)
+or [pay us a coffee](https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=8982CKNM46D8U)
+
 ## Features
 
 * Single click install for apps. Check out the [App Store](https://cloudron.io/appstore.html).
@@ -31,54 +33,51 @@ anyone to effortlessly host web applications on their server on their own terms.
 * Trivially migrate to another server keeping your apps and data (for example, switch your
   infrastructure provider or move to a bigger server).
 
-* Comprehensive [REST API](https://docs.cloudron.io/api/).
+* Comprehensive [REST API](https://cloudron.io/references/api.html).
 
-* [CLI](https://docs.cloudron.io/custom-apps/cli/) to configure apps.
+* [CLI](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/cloudron-cli) to configure apps.
 
 * Alerts, audit logs, graphs, dns management ... and much more
 
 ## Demo
 
-Try our demo at https://my.demo.cloudron.io (username: cloudron password: cloudron).
+Try our demo at https://my-demo.cloudron.me (username: cloudron password: cloudron).
 
 ## Installing
 
-[Install script](https://docs.cloudron.io/installation/) - [Pricing](https://cloudron.io/pricing.html)
+You can install the Cloudron platform on your own server or get a managed server
+from cloudron.io. In either case, the Cloudron platform will keep your server and
+apps up-to-date and secure.
 
-**Note:** This repo is a small part of what gets installed on your server - there is
-the dashboard, database addons, graph container, base image etc. Cloudron also relies
-on external services such as the App Store for apps to be installed. As such, don't
-clone this repo and npm install and expect something to work.
+* [Selfhosting](https://cloudron.io/references/selfhosting.html) - [Pricing](https://cloudron.io/pricing.html)
+* [Managed Hosting](https://cloudron.io/managed.html)
 
-## Development
+The wiki has instructions on how you can install and update the Cloudron and the
+apps from source.
 
-This is the backend code of Cloudron. The frontend code is [here](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/dashboard).
+## Documentation
 
-The way to develop is to first install a full instance of Cloudron in a VM. Then you can use the [hotfix](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/cloudron-machine)
-tool to patch the VM with the latest code.
+* [User manual](https://cloudron.io/references/usermanual.html)
+* [Developer docs](https://cloudron.io/documentation.html)
+* [Architecture](https://cloudron.io/references/architecture.html)
 
-```
-SSH_PASSPHRASE=sshkeypassword cloudron-machine hotfix --cloudron my.example.com --release 6.0.0 --ssh-key keyname
-```
+## Related repos
 
-## License
+The [base image repo](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/docker-base-image) is the parent image of all
+the containers in the Cloudron.
 
-Please note that the Cloudron code is under a source-available license. This is not the same as an
-open source license but ensures the code is available for introspection (and hacking!).
+The [graphite repo](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/docker-graphite) contains the graphite code
+that collects metrics for graphs.
 
-## Contributions
+The addons are located in separate repositories
+* [Redis](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/redis-addon)
+* [Postgresql](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/postgresql-addon)
+* [MySQL](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/mysql-addon)
+* [Mongodb](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/mongodb-addon)
+* [Mail](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/mail-addon)
 
-Just to give some heads up, we are a bit restrictive in merging changes. We are a small team and
-would like to keep our maintenance burden low. It might be best to discuss features first in the [forum](https://forum.cloudron.io),
-to also figure out how many other people will use it to justify maintenance for a feature.
-
-# Localization
-
-![Translation status](https://translate.cloudron.io/widgets/cloudron/-/287x66-white.png)
-
-## Support
-
-* [Documentation](https://docs.cloudron.io/)
-* [Forum](https://forum.cloudron.io/)
+## Community
 
+* [Chat](https://chat.cloudron.io/)
+* [Support](mailto:support@cloudron.io)
 

VERSION

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-# release version. do not edit manually

baseimage/createAMI

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -eu -o pipefail
+
+assertNotEmpty() {
+    : "${!1:? "$1 is not set."}"
+}
+
+readonly SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+readonly SOURCE_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"/.. && pwd)"
+export JSON="${SOURCE_DIR}/node_modules/.bin/json"
+
+INSTANCE_TYPE="t2.micro"
+BLOCK_DEVICE="DeviceName=/dev/sda1,Ebs={VolumeSize=20,DeleteOnTermination=true,VolumeType=gp2}"
+SSH_KEY_NAME="id_rsa_yellowtent"
+
+revision=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+ami_name=""
+server_id=""
+server_ip=""
+destroy_server="yes"
+deploy_env="prod"
+image_id=""
+
+args=$(getopt -o "" -l "revision:,name:,no-destroy,env:,region:" -n "$0" -- "$@")
+eval set -- "${args}"
+
+while true; do
+    case "$1" in
+    --env) deploy_env="$2"; shift 2;;
+    --revision) revision="$2"; shift 2;;
+    --name) ami_name="$2"; shift 2;;
+    --no-destroy) destroy_server="no"; shift 2;;
+    --region)
+        case "$2" in
+        "us-east-1")
+            image_id="ami-6edd3078"
+            security_group="sg-a5e17fd9"
+            subnet_id="subnet-b8fbc0f1"
+            ;;
+        "eu-central-1")
+            image_id="ami-5aee2235"
+            security_group="sg-19f5a770" # everything open on eu-central-1
+            subnet_id=""
+            ;;
+        *)
+            echo "Unknown aws region $2"
+            exit 1
+            ;;
+        esac
+        export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION="$2"    # used by the aws cli tool
+        shift 2
+        ;;
+    --) break;;
+    *) echo "Unknown option $1"; exit 1;;
+    esac
+done
+
+# TODO fix this
+export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="${AWS_ACCESS_KEY}"
+export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="${AWS_ACCESS_SECRET}"
+
+readonly ssh_keys="${HOME}/.ssh/id_rsa_yellowtent"
+readonly SSH="ssh -o IdentitiesOnly=yes -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -i ${ssh_keys}"
+
+if [[ ! -f "${ssh_keys}" ]]; then
+    echo "caas ssh key is missing at ${ssh_keys} (pick it up from secrets repo)"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [[ -z "${image_id}" ]]; then
+    echo "--region is required (us-east-1 or eu-central-1)"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+function get_pretty_revision() {
+    local git_rev="$1"
+    local sha1=$(git rev-parse --short "${git_rev}" 2>/dev/null)
+
+    echo "${sha1}"
+}
+
+function wait_for_ssh() {
+    echo "=> Waiting for ssh connection"
+    while true; do
+        echo -n "."
+
+        if $SSH ubuntu@${server_ip} echo "hello"; then
+            echo ""
+            break
+        fi
+
+        sleep 5
+    done
+}
+
+now=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S")
+pretty_revision=$(get_pretty_revision "${revision}")
+
+if [[ -z "${ami_name}" ]]; then
+    ami_name="box-${deploy_env}-${pretty_revision}-${now}"
+fi
+
+echo "=> Create EC2 instance"
+id=$(aws ec2 run-instances --image-id "${image_id}" --instance-type "${INSTANCE_TYPE}" --security-group-ids "${security_group}" --block-device-mappings "${BLOCK_DEVICE}" --key-name "${SSH_KEY_NAME}" --subnet-id "${subnet_id}" --associate-public-ip-address \
+    | $JSON Instances \
+    | $JSON 0.InstanceId)
+
+[[ -z "$id" ]] && exit 1
+echo "Instance created  ID $id"
+
+echo "=> Waiting for instance to get a public IP"
+while true; do
+    server_ip=$(aws ec2 describe-instances --instance-ids ${id} \
+        | $JSON Reservations.0.Instances \
+        | $JSON 0.PublicIpAddress)
+
+    if [[ ! -z "${server_ip}" ]]; then
+        echo ""
+        break
+    fi
+
+    echo -n "."
+    sleep 1
+done
+
+echo "Got public IP ${server_ip}"
+
+wait_for_ssh
+
+echo "=> Fetching cloudron-setup"
+while true; do
+
+    if $SSH ubuntu@${server_ip} wget "https://cloudron.io/cloudron-setup" -O "cloudron-setup"; then
+        echo ""
+        break
+    fi
+
+    echo -n "."
+    sleep 5
+done
+
+echo "=> Running cloudron-setup"
+$SSH ubuntu@${server_ip} sudo /bin/bash "cloudron-setup" --env "${deploy_env}" --provider "ami" --skip-reboot
+
+wait_for_ssh
+
+echo "=> Removing ssh key"
+$SSH ubuntu@${server_ip} sudo rm /home/ubuntu/.ssh/authorized_keys /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
+
+echo "=> Creating AMI"
+image_id=$(aws ec2 create-image --instance-id "${id}" --name "${ami_name}" | $JSON ImageId)
+[[ -z "$id" ]] && exit 1
+echo "Creating AMI with Id ${image_id}"
+
+echo "=> Waiting for AMI to be created"
+while true; do
+    state=$(aws ec2 describe-images --image-ids ${image_id} \
+        | $JSON Images \
+        | $JSON 0.State)
+
+    if [[ "${state}" == "available" ]]; then
+        echo ""
+        break
+    fi
+
+    echo -n "."
+    sleep 5
+done
+
+if [[ "${destroy_server}" == "yes" ]]; then
+    echo "=> Deleting EC2 instance"
+
+    while true; do
+        state=$(aws ec2 terminate-instances --instance-id "${id}" \
+            | $JSON TerminatingInstances \
+            | $JSON 0.CurrentState.Name)
+
+        if [[ "${state}" == "shutting-down" ]]; then
+            echo ""
+            break
+        fi
+
+        echo -n "."
+        sleep 5
+    done
+fi
+
+echo ""
+echo "Done."
+echo ""
+echo "New AMI is: ${image_id}"
+echo ""

baseimage/createDOImage

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -eu -o pipefail
+
+assertNotEmpty() {
+    : "${!1:? "$1 is not set."}"
+}
+
+readonly SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+readonly SOURCE_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"/.. && pwd)"
+export JSON="${SOURCE_DIR}/node_modules/.bin/json"
+
+revision=$(git rev-parse HEAD)
+box_name=""
+server_id=""
+server_ip=""
+destroy_server="yes"
+deploy_env="dev"
+
+# Only GNU getopt supports long options. OS X comes bundled with the BSD getopt
+# brew install gnu-getopt to get the GNU getopt on OS X
+[[ $(uname -s) == "Darwin" ]] && GNU_GETOPT="/usr/local/opt/gnu-getopt/bin/getopt" || GNU_GETOPT="getopt"
+readonly GNU_GETOPT
+
+args=$(${GNU_GETOPT} -o "" -l "revision:,regions:,size:,name:,no-destroy,env:" -n "$0" -- "$@")
+eval set -- "${args}"
+
+while true; do
+    case "$1" in
+    --env) deploy_env="$2"; shift 2;;
+    --revision) revision="$2"; shift 2;;
+    --name) box_name="$2"; destroy_server="no"; shift 2;;
+    --no-destroy) destroy_server="no"; shift 2;;
+    --) break;;
+    *) echo "Unknown option $1"; exit 1;;
+    esac
+done
+
+echo "Creating digitalocean image"
+if [[ "${deploy_env}" == "staging" ]]; then
+    assertNotEmpty DIGITAL_OCEAN_TOKEN_STAGING
+    export DIGITAL_OCEAN_TOKEN="${DIGITAL_OCEAN_TOKEN_STAGING}"
+elif [[ "${deploy_env}" == "dev" ]]; then
+    assertNotEmpty DIGITAL_OCEAN_TOKEN_DEV
+    export DIGITAL_OCEAN_TOKEN="${DIGITAL_OCEAN_TOKEN_DEV}"
+elif [[ "${deploy_env}" == "prod" ]]; then
+    assertNotEmpty DIGITAL_OCEAN_TOKEN_PROD
+    export DIGITAL_OCEAN_TOKEN="${DIGITAL_OCEAN_TOKEN_PROD}"
+else
+    echo "No such env ${deploy_env}."
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+vps="/bin/bash ${SCRIPT_DIR}/digitalocean.sh"
+
+readonly ssh_keys="${HOME}/.ssh/id_rsa_caas_${deploy_env}"
+readonly scp202="scp -P 202 -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -i ${ssh_keys}"
+readonly scp22="scp -o ConnectTimeout=10 -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -i ${ssh_keys}"
+
+readonly ssh202="ssh -p 202 -o IdentitiesOnly=yes -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -i ${ssh_keys}"
+readonly ssh22="ssh -o IdentitiesOnly=yes -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -i ${ssh_keys}"
+
+if [[ ! -f "${ssh_keys}" ]]; then
+    echo "caas ssh key is missing at ${ssh_keys} (pick it up from secrets repo)"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+function get_pretty_revision() {
+    local git_rev="$1"
+    local sha1=$(git rev-parse --short "${git_rev}" 2>/dev/null)
+
+    echo "${sha1}"
+}
+
+now=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d-%H%M%S")
+pretty_revision=$(get_pretty_revision "${revision}")
+
+if [[ -z "${box_name}" ]]; then
+    # if you change this, change the regexp is appstore/janitor.js
+    box_name="box-${deploy_env}-${pretty_revision}-${now}" # remove slashes
+
+    # create a new server if no name given
+    if ! caas_ssh_key_id=$($vps get_ssh_key_id "caas"); then
+        echo "Could not query caas ssh key"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    echo "Detected caas ssh key id: ${caas_ssh_key_id}"
+
+    echo "Creating Server with name [${box_name}]"
+    if ! server_id=$($vps create ${caas_ssh_key_id} ${box_name}); then
+        echo "Failed to create server"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    echo "Created server with id: ${server_id}"
+
+    # If we run scripts overenthusiastically without the wait, setup script randomly fails
+    echo -n "Waiting 120 seconds for server creation"
+    for i in $(seq 1 24); do
+        echo -n "."
+        sleep 5
+    done
+    echo ""
+else
+    if ! server_id=$($vps get_id "${box_name}"); then
+        echo "Could not determine id from name"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    echo "Reusing server with id: ${server_id}"
+
+    $vps power_on "${server_id}"
+fi
+
+# Query until we get an IP
+while true; do
+    echo "Trying to get the server IP"
+    if server_ip=$($vps get_ip "${server_id}"); then
+        echo "Server IP : [${server_ip}]"
+        break
+    fi
+    echo "Timedout, trying again in 10 seconds"
+    sleep 10
+done
+
+while true; do
+    echo "Trying to copy init script to server"
+    if $scp22 "${SCRIPT_DIR}/initializeBaseUbuntuImage.sh" root@${server_ip}:.; then
+        break
+    fi
+    echo "Timedout, trying again in 30 seconds"
+    sleep 30
+done
+
+echo "Copying infra_version.js"
+$scp22 "${SCRIPT_DIR}/../src/infra_version.js" root@${server_ip}:.
+
+echo "Copying box source"
+cd "${SOURCE_DIR}"
+git archive --format=tar HEAD | $ssh22 "root@${server_ip}" "cat - > /tmp/box.tar.gz"
+
+echo "Executing init script"
+if ! $ssh22 "root@${server_ip}" "/bin/bash /root/initializeBaseUbuntuImage.sh caas"; then
+    echo "Init script failed"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+echo "Shutting down server with id : ${server_id}"
+$ssh22 "root@${server_ip}" "shutdown -f now" || true # shutdown sometimes terminates ssh connection immediately making this command fail
+
+# wait 10 secs for actual shutdown
+echo "Waiting for 10 seconds for server to shutdown"
+sleep 30
+
+echo "Powering off server"
+if ! $vps power_off "${server_id}"; then
+    echo "Could not power off server"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+snapshot_name="box-${deploy_env}-${pretty_revision}-${now}"
+echo "Snapshotting as ${snapshot_name}"
+if ! image_id=$($vps snapshot "${server_id}" "${snapshot_name}"); then
+    echo "Could not snapshot and get image id"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [[ "${destroy_server}" == "yes" ]]; then
+    echo "Destroying server"
+    if ! $vps destroy "${server_id}"; then
+        echo "Could not destroy server"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+else
+    echo "Skipping server destroy"
+fi
+
+echo "Transferring image ${image_id} to other regions"
+$vps transfer_image_to_all_regions "${image_id}"
+
+echo "Done."

baseimage/digitalocean.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+if [[ -z "${DIGITAL_OCEAN_TOKEN}" ]]; then
+    echo "Script requires DIGITAL_OCEAN_TOKEN env to be set"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [[ -z "${JSON}" ]]; then
+    echo "Script requires JSON env to be set to path of JSON binary"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+readonly CURL="curl --retry 5 -s -u ${DIGITAL_OCEAN_TOKEN}:"
+
+function debug() {
+    echo "$@" >&2
+}
+
+function get_ssh_key_id() {
+    id=$($CURL "https://api.digitalocean.com/v2/account/keys" \
+        | $JSON ssh_keys \
+        | $JSON -c "this.name === \"$1\"" \
+        | $JSON 0.id)
+    [[ -z "$id" ]] && exit 1
+    echo "$id"
+}
+
+function create_droplet() {
+    local ssh_key_id="$1"
+    local box_name="$2"
+
+    local image_region="sfo1"
+    local ubuntu_image_slug="ubuntu-16-04-x64"
+    local box_size="1gb"
+
+    local data="{\"name\":\"${box_name}\",\"size\":\"${box_size}\",\"region\":\"${image_region}\",\"image\":\"${ubuntu_image_slug}\",\"ssh_keys\":[ \"${ssh_key_id}\" ],\"backups\":false}"
+
+    id=$($CURL -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d "${data}" "https://api.digitalocean.com/v2/droplets" | $JSON droplet.id)
+    [[ -z "$id" ]] && exit 1
+    echo "$id"
+}
+
+function get_droplet_ip() {
+    local droplet_id="$1"
+    ip=$($CURL "https://api.digitalocean.com/v2/droplets/${droplet_id}" | $JSON "droplet.networks.v4[0].ip_address")
+    [[ -z "$ip" ]] && exit 1
+    echo "$ip"
+}
+
+function get_droplet_id() {
+    local droplet_name="$1"
+    id=$($CURL "https://api.digitalocean.com/v2/droplets?per_page=200" | $JSON "droplets" | $JSON -c "this.name === '${droplet_name}'" | $JSON "[0].id")
+    [[ -z "$id" ]] && exit 1
+    echo "$id"
+}
+
+function power_off_droplet() {
+    local droplet_id="$1"
+    local data='{"type":"power_off"}'
+    local response=$($CURL -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d "${data}" "https://api.digitalocean.com/v2/droplets/${droplet_id}/actions")
+    local event_id=`echo "${response}" | $JSON action.id`
+
+    if [[ -z "${event_id}" ]]; then
+        debug "Got no event id, assuming already powered off."
+        debug "Response: ${response}"
+        return
+    fi
+
+    debug "Powered off droplet. Event id: ${event_id}"
+    debug -n "Waiting for droplet to power off"
+
+    while true; do
+        local event_status=`$CURL "https://api.digitalocean.com/v2/droplets/${droplet_id}/actions/${event_id}" | $JSON action.status`
+        if [[ "${event_status}" == "completed" ]]; then
+            break
+        fi
+        debug -n "."
+        sleep 10
+    done
+    debug ""
+}
+
+function power_on_droplet() {
+    local droplet_id="$1"
+    local data='{"type":"power_on"}'
+    local event_id=`$CURL -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d "${data}" "https://api.digitalocean.com/v2/droplets/${droplet_id}/actions" | $JSON action.id`
+
+    debug "Powered on droplet. Event id: ${event_id}"
+
+    if [[ -z "${event_id}" ]]; then
+        debug "Got no event id, assuming already powered on"
+        return
+    fi
+
+    debug -n "Waiting for droplet to power on"
+
+    while true; do
+        local event_status=`$CURL "https://api.digitalocean.com/v2/droplets/${droplet_id}/actions/${event_id}" | $JSON action.status`
+        if [[ "${event_status}" == "completed" ]]; then
+            break
+        fi
+        debug -n "."
+        sleep 10
+    done
+    debug ""
+}
+
+function get_image_id() {
+    local snapshot_name="$1"
+    local image_id=""
+
+    if ! response=$($CURL "https://api.digitalocean.com/v2/images?per_page=200"); then
+        echo "Failed to get image listing. ${response}"
+        return 1
+    fi
+
+    if ! image_id=$(echo "$response" \
+       | $JSON images \
+       | $JSON -c "this.name === \"${snapshot_name}\"" 0.id); then
+        echo "Failed to parse curl response: ${response}"
+        return 1
+    fi
+
+    if [[ -z "${image_id}" ]]; then
+        echo "Failed to get image id of ${snapshot_name}. reponse: ${response}"
+        return 1
+    fi
+
+    echo "${image_id}"
+}
+
+function snapshot_droplet() {
+    local droplet_id="$1"
+    local snapshot_name="$2"
+    local data="{\"type\":\"snapshot\",\"name\":\"${snapshot_name}\"}"
+    local event_id=`$CURL -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d "${data}" "https://api.digitalocean.com/v2/droplets/${droplet_id}/actions" | $JSON action.id`
+
+    debug "Droplet snapshotted as ${snapshot_name}. Event id: ${event_id}"
+    debug -n "Waiting for snapshot to complete"
+
+    while true; do
+        if ! response=$($CURL "https://api.digitalocean.com/v2/droplets/${droplet_id}/actions/${event_id}"); then
+            echo "Could not get action status. ${response}"
+            continue
+        fi
+        if ! event_status=$(echo "${response}" | $JSON action.status); then
+            echo "Could not parse action.status from response. ${response}"
+            continue
+        fi
+        if [[ "${event_status}" == "completed" ]]; then
+            break
+        fi
+        debug -n "."
+        sleep 10
+    done
+    debug "! done"
+
+    if ! image_id=$(get_image_id "${snapshot_name}"); then
+        return 1
+    fi
+    echo "${image_id}"
+}
+
+function destroy_droplet() {
+    local droplet_id="$1"
+    # TODO: check for 204 status
+    $CURL -X DELETE "https://api.digitalocean.com/v2/droplets/${droplet_id}"
+    debug "Droplet destroyed"
+    debug ""
+}
+
+function transfer_image() {
+    local image_id="$1"
+    local region_slug="$2"
+    local data="{\"type\":\"transfer\",\"region\":\"${region_slug}\"}"
+    local event_id=`$CURL -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d "${data}" "https://api.digitalocean.com/v2/images/${image_id}/actions" | $JSON action.id`
+    echo "${event_id}"
+}
+
+function wait_for_image_event() {
+    local image_id="$1"
+    local event_id="$2"
+
+    debug -n "Waiting for ${event_id}"
+
+    while true; do
+        local event_status=`$CURL "https://api.digitalocean.com/v2/images/${image_id}/actions/${event_id}" | $JSON action.status`
+        if [[ "${event_status}" == "completed" ]]; then
+            break
+        fi
+        debug -n "."
+        sleep 10
+    done
+    debug ""
+}
+
+function transfer_image_to_all_regions() {
+    local image_id="$1"
+
+    xfer_events=()
+    image_regions=(ams2) ## sfo1 is where the image is created
+    for image_region in ${image_regions[@]}; do
+        xfer_event=$(transfer_image ${image_id} ${image_region})
+        echo "Image transfer to ${image_region} initiated. Event id: ${xfer_event}"
+        xfer_events+=("${xfer_event}")
+        sleep 1
+    done
+
+    echo "Image transfer initiated, but they will take some time to get transferred."
+
+    for xfer_event in ${xfer_events[@]}; do
+        $vps wait_for_image_event "${image_id}" "${xfer_event}"
+    done
+}
+
+if [[ $# -lt 1 ]]; then
+    debug "<command> <params...>"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+case $1 in
+get_ssh_key_id)
+    get_ssh_key_id "${@:2}"
+    ;;
+
+create)
+    create_droplet "${@:2}"
+    ;;
+
+get_id)
+    get_droplet_id "${@:2}"
+    ;;
+
+get_ip)
+    get_droplet_ip "${@:2}"
+    ;;
+
+power_on)
+    power_on_droplet "${@:2}"
+    ;;
+
+power_off)
+    power_off_droplet "${@:2}"
+    ;;
+
+snapshot)
+    snapshot_droplet "${@:2}"
+    ;;
+
+destroy)
+    destroy_droplet "${@:2}"
+    ;;
+
+transfer_image_to_all_regions)
+    transfer_image_to_all_regions "${@:2}"
+    ;;
+
+*)
+    echo "Unknown command $1"
+    exit 1
+esac

baseimage/initializeBaseUbuntuImage.sh

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ set -euv -o pipefail
 
 readonly SOURCE_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
 
-readonly arg_infraversionpath="${SOURCE_DIR}/../src"
+readonly arg_provider="${1:-generic}"
+readonly arg_infraversionpath="${SOURCE_DIR}/${2:-}"
 
 function die {
     echo $1
@@ -13,14 +14,8 @@ function die {
 
 export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
 
-readonly ubuntu_codename=$(lsb_release -cs)
-readonly ubuntu_version=$(lsb_release -rs)
-
-# hold grub since updating it breaks on some VPS providers. also, dist-upgrade will trigger it
-apt-mark hold grub* >/dev/null
 apt-get -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" update -y
-apt-get -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" upgrade -y
-apt-mark unhold grub* >/dev/null
+apt-get -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confdef" dist-upgrade -y
 
 echo "==> Installing required packages"
 
@@ -28,85 +23,52 @@ debconf-set-selections <<< 'mysql-server mysql-server/root_password password pas
 debconf-set-selections <<< 'mysql-server mysql-server/root_password_again password password'
 
 # this enables automatic security upgrades (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AutomaticSecurityUpdates)
-# resolvconf is needed for unbound to work property after disabling systemd-resolved in 18.04
-
-gpg_package=$([[ "${ubuntu_version}" == "16.04" ]] && echo "gnupg" || echo "gpg")
-mysql_package=$([[ "${ubuntu_version}" == "20.04" ]] && echo "mysql-server-8.0" || echo "mysql-server-5.7")
-apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends \
+apt-get -y install \
     acl \
-    apparmor \
+    awscli \
     build-essential \
-    cifs-utils \
     cron \
     curl \
-    debconf-utils \
     dmsetup \
-    $gpg_package \
-    ipset \
     iptables \
-    libpython2.7 \
-    linux-generic \
     logrotate \
-    $mysql_package \
-    nfs-common \
+    mysql-server-5.7 \
+    nginx-full \
     openssh-server \
     pwgen \
-    resolvconf \
-    sshfs \
+    rcconf \
     swaks \
-    tzdata \
     unattended-upgrades \
-    unbound \
-    unzip \
-    xfsprogs
-
-echo "==> installing nginx for xenial for TLSv3 support"
-curl -sL http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/pool/nginx/n/nginx/nginx_1.18.0-2~${ubuntu_codename}_amd64.deb -o /tmp/nginx.deb
-# apt install with install deps (as opposed to dpkg -i)
-apt install -y /tmp/nginx.deb
-rm /tmp/nginx.deb
-
-# on some providers like scaleway the sudo file is changed and we want to keep the old one
-apt-get -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-confold" install -y --no-install-recommends sudo
-
-# this ensures that unattended upgades are enabled, if it was disabled during ubuntu install time (see #346)
-# debconf-set-selection of unattended-upgrades/enable_auto_updates + dpkg-reconfigure does not work
-cp /usr/share/unattended-upgrades/20auto-upgrades /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades
+    unbound
 
 echo "==> Installing node.js"
-readonly node_version=14.15.4
-mkdir -p /usr/local/node-${node_version}
-curl -sL https://nodejs.org/dist/v${node_version}/node-v${node_version}-linux-x64.tar.gz | tar zxf - --strip-components=1 -C /usr/local/node-${node_version}
-ln -sf /usr/local/node-${node_version}/bin/node /usr/bin/node
-ln -sf /usr/local/node-${node_version}/bin/npm /usr/bin/npm
-apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends python   # Install python which is required for npm rebuild
+mkdir -p /usr/local/node-6.9.2
+curl -sL https://nodejs.org/dist/v6.9.2/node-v6.9.2-linux-x64.tar.gz | tar zxvf - --strip-components=1 -C /usr/local/node-6.9.2
+ln -sf /usr/local/node-6.9.2/bin/node /usr/bin/node
+ln -sf /usr/local/node-6.9.2/bin/npm /usr/bin/npm
+apt-get install -y python   # Install python which is required for npm rebuild
 [[ "$(python --version 2>&1)" == "Python 2.7."* ]] || die "Expecting python version to be 2.7.x"
 
 # https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/linux/ubuntulinux/
 echo "==> Installing Docker"
 
-# create systemd drop-in file. if you channge options here, be sure to fixup installer.sh as well
+# create systemd drop-in file
 mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d
-echo -e "[Service]\nExecStart=\nExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --log-driver=journald --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=cgroupfs --storage-driver=overlay2" > /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/cloudron.conf
+echo -e "[Service]\nExecStart=\nExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --log-driver=journald --exec-opt native.cgroupdriver=cgroupfs --storage-driver=devicemapper" > /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/cloudron.conf
 
-# there are 3 packages for docker - containerd, CLI and the daemon
-readonly docker_version=20.10.3
-curl -sL "https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/${ubuntu_codename}/pool/stable/amd64/containerd.io_1.4.3-1_amd64.deb" -o /tmp/containerd.deb
-curl -sL "https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/${ubuntu_codename}/pool/stable/amd64/docker-ce-cli_${docker_version}~3-0~ubuntu-${ubuntu_codename}_amd64.deb" -o /tmp/docker-ce-cli.deb
-curl -sL "https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/${ubuntu_codename}/pool/stable/amd64/docker-ce_${docker_version}~3-0~ubuntu-${ubuntu_codename}_amd64.deb" -o /tmp/docker.deb
+curl -sL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/dists/xenial/pool/stable/amd64/docker-ce_17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial_amd64.deb -o /tmp/docker.deb
 # apt install with install deps (as opposed to dpkg -i)
-apt install -y /tmp/containerd.deb  /tmp/docker-ce-cli.deb /tmp/docker.deb
-rm /tmp/containerd.deb /tmp/docker-ce-cli.deb /tmp/docker.deb
+apt install -y /tmp/docker.deb
+rm /tmp/docker.deb
 
 storage_driver=$(docker info | grep "Storage Driver" | sed 's/.*: //')
-if [[ "${storage_driver}" != "overlay2" ]]; then
-    echo "Docker is using "${storage_driver}" instead of overlay2"
+if [[ "${storage_driver}" != "devicemapper" ]]; then
+    echo "Docker is using "${storage_driver}" instead of devicemapper"
     exit 1
 fi
 
-# do not upgrade grub because it might prompt user and break this script
 echo "==> Enable memory accounting"
-apt-get -y --no-upgrade --no-install-recommends install grub2-common
+apt-get -y install grub2
 sed -e 's/^GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="\(.*\)"$/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="\1 cgroup_enable=memory swapaccount=1 panic_on_oops=1 panic=5"/' -i /etc/default/grub
 update-grub
 
@@ -116,46 +78,21 @@ if [ ! -f "${arg_infraversionpath}/infra_version.js" ]; then
     exit 1
 fi
 
-images=$(node -e "var i = require('${arg_infraversionpath}/infra_version.js'); console.log(i.baseImages.map(function (x) { return x.tag; }).join(' '), Object.keys(i.images).map(function (x) { return i.images[x].tag; }).join(' '));")
+images=$(node -e "var i = require('${arg_infraversionpath}/infra_version.js'); console.log(i.baseImages.join(' '), Object.keys(i.images).map(function (x) { return i.images[x].tag; }).join(' '));")
 
 echo -e "\tPulling docker images: ${images}"
 for image in ${images}; do
     docker pull "${image}"
-    docker pull "${image%@sha256:*}" # this will tag the image for readability
 done
 
 echo "==> Install collectd"
-# without this, libnotify4 will install gnome-shell
-apt-get install -y libnotify4 --no-install-recommends
-if ! apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends libcurl3-gnutls collectd collectd-utils; then
+if ! apt-get install -y collectd collectd-utils; then
     # FQDNLookup is true in default debian config. The box code has a custom collectd.conf that fixes this
     echo "Failed to install collectd. Presumably because of http://mailman.verplant.org/pipermail/collectd/2015-March/006491.html"
     sed -e 's/^FQDNLookup true/FQDNLookup false/' -i /etc/collectd/collectd.conf
 fi
-# https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/collectd/+bug/1872281
-[[ "${ubuntu_version}" == "20.04" ]] && echo -e "\nLD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/python3.8/config-3.8-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.8.so" >> /etc/default/collectd
 
-# some hosts like atlantic install ntp which conflicts with timedatectl. https://serverfault.com/questions/1024770/ubuntu-20-04-time-sync-problems-and-possibly-incorrect-status-information
-echo "==> Configuring host"
-sed -e 's/^#NTP=/NTP=0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org 3.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org/' -i /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf
-if systemctl is-active ntp; then
-    systemctl stop ntp
-    apt purge -y ntp
-fi
-timedatectl set-ntp 1
-# mysql follows the system timezone
-timedatectl set-timezone UTC
-
-echo "==> Adding sshd configuration warning"
-sed -e '/Port 22/ i # NOTE: Cloudron only supports moving SSH to port 202. See https://docs.cloudron.io/security/#securing-ssh-access' -i /etc/ssh/sshd_config
-
-# https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/base-files/+bug/1701068
-echo "==> Disabling motd news"
-if [ -f "/etc/default/motd-news" ]; then
-    sed -i 's/^ENABLED=.*/ENABLED=0/' /etc/default/motd-news
-fi
-
-# Disable bind for good measure (on online.net, kimsufi servers these are pre-installed)
+# Disable bind for good measure (on online.net, kimsufi servers these are pre-installed and conflicts with unbound)
 systemctl stop bind9 || true
 systemctl disable bind9 || true
 
@@ -163,16 +100,3 @@ systemctl disable bind9 || true
 systemctl stop dnsmasq || true
 systemctl disable dnsmasq || true
 
-# on ssdnodes postfix seems to run by default
-systemctl stop postfix || true
-systemctl disable postfix || true
-
-# on ubuntu 18.04 and 20.04, this is the default. this requires resolvconf for DNS to work further after the disable
-systemctl stop systemd-resolved || true
-systemctl disable systemd-resolved || true
-
-# ubuntu's default config for unbound does not work if ipv6 is disabled. this config is overwritten in start.sh
-# we need unbound to work as this is required for installer.sh to do any DNS requests
-ip6=$([[ -s /proc/net/if_inet6 ]] && echo "yes" || echo "no")
-echo -e "server:\n\tinterface: 127.0.0.1\n\tdo-ip6: ${ip6}" > /etc/unbound/unbound.conf.d/cloudron-network.conf
-systemctl restart unbound

box.js

@@ -2,65 +2,55 @@
 
 'use strict';
 
-let async = require('async'),
-    dockerProxy = require('./src/dockerproxy.js'),
-    fs = require('fs'),
+require('supererror')({ splatchError: true });
+
+// remove timestamp from debug() based output
+require('debug').formatArgs = function formatArgs(args) {
+    args[0] = this.namespace + ' ' + args[0];
+};
+
+var appHealthMonitor = require('./src/apphealthmonitor.js'),
+    async = require('async'),
+    config = require('./src/config.js'),
     ldap = require('./src/ldap.js'),
-    paths = require('./src/paths.js'),
-    proxyAuth = require('./src/proxyauth.js'),
     server = require('./src/server.js');
 
-const NOOP_CALLBACK = function () { };
-
-function setupLogging(callback) {
-    if (process.env.BOX_ENV === 'test') return callback();
-
-    const logfileStream = fs.createWriteStream(paths.BOX_LOG_FILE, { flags:'a' });
-    process.stdout.write = process.stderr.write = logfileStream.write.bind(logfileStream);
-
-    callback();
-}
+console.log();
+console.log('==========================================');
+console.log(' Cloudron will use the following settings ');
+console.log('==========================================');
+console.log();
+console.log(' Environment:                    ', config.CLOUDRON ? 'CLOUDRON' : 'TEST');
+console.log(' Version:                        ', config.version());
+console.log(' Admin Origin:                   ', config.adminOrigin());
+console.log(' Appstore API server origin:     ', config.apiServerOrigin());
+console.log(' Appstore Web server origin:     ', config.webServerOrigin());
+console.log();
+console.log('==========================================');
+console.log();
 
 async.series([
-    setupLogging,
-    server.start, // do this first since it also inits the database
-    proxyAuth.start,
+    server.start,
     ldap.start,
-    dockerProxy.start
+    appHealthMonitor.start,
 ], function (error) {
     if (error) {
-        console.log('Error starting server', error);
+        console.error('Error starting server', error);
         process.exit(1);
     }
-
-    // require those here so that logging handler is already setup
-    require('supererror');
-    const debug = require('debug')('box:box');
-
-    process.on('SIGINT', function () {
-        debug('Received SIGINT. Shutting down.');
-
-        proxyAuth.stop(NOOP_CALLBACK);
-        server.stop(NOOP_CALLBACK);
-        ldap.stop(NOOP_CALLBACK);
-        dockerProxy.stop(NOOP_CALLBACK);
-        setTimeout(process.exit.bind(process), 3000);
-    });
-
-    process.on('SIGTERM', function () {
-        debug('Received SIGTERM. Shutting down.');
-
-        proxyAuth.stop(NOOP_CALLBACK);
-        server.stop(NOOP_CALLBACK);
-        ldap.stop(NOOP_CALLBACK);
-        dockerProxy.stop(NOOP_CALLBACK);
-        setTimeout(process.exit.bind(process), 3000);
-    });
-
-    process.on('uncaughtException', function (error) {
-        console.error((error && error.stack) ? error.stack : error);
-        setTimeout(process.exit.bind(process, 1), 3000);
-    });
-
-    console.log(`Cloudron is up and running. Logs are at ${paths.BOX_LOG_FILE}`); // this goes to journalctl
+    console.log('Cloudron is up and running');
+});
+
+var NOOP_CALLBACK = function () { };
+
+process.on('SIGINT', function () {
+    server.stop(NOOP_CALLBACK);
+    ldap.stop(NOOP_CALLBACK);
+    setTimeout(process.exit.bind(process), 3000);
+});
+
+process.on('SIGTERM', function () {
+    server.stop(NOOP_CALLBACK);
+    ldap.stop(NOOP_CALLBACK);
+    setTimeout(process.exit.bind(process), 3000);
 });

crashnotifierservice.js

@@ -2,27 +2,15 @@
 
 'use strict';
 
-var database = require('./src/database.js');
+var sendFailureLogs = require('./src/logcollector').sendFailureLogs;
 
-var crashNotifier = require('./src/crashnotifier.js');
-
-// This is triggered by systemd with the crashed unit name as argument
 function main() {
-    if (process.argv.length !== 3) return console.error('Usage: crashnotifier.js <unitName>');
+    if (process.argv.length !== 3) return console.error('Usage: crashnotifier.js <processName>');
 
-    var unitName = process.argv[2];
-    console.log('Started crash notifier for', unitName);
+    var processName = process.argv[2];
+    console.log('Started crash notifier for', processName);
 
-    // eventlog api needs the db
-    database.initialize(function (error) {
-        if (error) return console.error('Cannot connect to database. Unable to send crash log.', error);
-
-        crashNotifier.sendFailureLogs(unitName, function (error) {
-            if (error) console.error(error);
-
-            process.exit();
-        });
-    });
+    sendFailureLogs(processName, { unit: processName });
 }
 
 main();

docs/references/addons.md

@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+# Overview
+
+Addons are services like database, authentication, email, caching that are part of the
+Cloudron runtime. Setup, provisioning, scaling and maintanence of addons is taken care of
+by the runtime.
+
+The fundamental idea behind addons is to allow sharing of Cloudron resources across applications.
+For example, a single MySQL server instance can be used across multiple apps. The Cloudron
+runtime sets up addons in such a way that apps are isolated from each other.
+
+# Using Addons
+
+Addons are opt-in and must be specified in the [Cloudron Manifest](/references/manifest.html).
+When the app runs, environment variables contain the necessary information to access the addon.
+For example, the mysql addon sets the `MYSQL_URL` environment variable which is the
+connection string that can be used to connect to the database.
+
+When working with addons, developers need to remember the following:
+* Environment variables are subject to change every time the app restarts. This can happen if the
+Cloudron is rebooted or restored or the app crashes or an addon is re-provisioned. For this reason,
+applications must never cache the value of environment variables across restarts.
+
+* Addons must be setup or updated on each application start up. Most applications use DB migration frameworks
+for this purpose to setup and update the DB schema.
+
+* Addons are configured in the [addons section](/references/manifest.html#addons) of the manifest as below:
+```
+    {
+      ...
+      "addons": {
+        "oauth": { },
+        "redis" : { }
+      }
+    }
+```
+
+# All addons
+
+## email
+
+This addon allows an app to send and recieve emails on behalf of the user. The intended use case is webmail applications.
+
+If an app wants to send mail (e.g notifications), it must use the [sendmail](/references/addons#sendmail)
+addon. If the app wants to receive email (e.g user replying to notification), it must use the
+[recvmail](/references/addons#recvmail) addon instead.
+
+Apps using the IMAP and ManageSieve services below must be prepared to accept self-signed certificates (this is not a problem
+because these are addresses internal to the Cloudron).
+
+Exported environment variables:
+```
+MAIL_SMTP_SERVER=       # SMTP server IP or hostname. Supports STARTTLS (TLS upgrade is enforced).
+MAIL_SMTP_PORT=         # SMTP server port
+MAIL_IMAP_SERVER=       # IMAP server IP or hostname. TLS required.
+MAIL_IMAP_PORT=         # IMAP server port
+MAIL_SIEVE_SERVER=      # ManageSieve server IP or hostname. TLS required.
+MAIL_SIEVE_PORT=        # ManageSieve server port
+MAIL_DOMAIN=            # Domain of the mail server
+```
+
+## ldap
+
+This addon provides LDAP based authentication via LDAP version 3.
+
+Exported environment variables:
+```
+LDAP_SERVER=                                # ldap server IP
+LDAP_PORT=                                  # ldap server port
+LDAP_URL=                                   # ldap url of the form ldap://ip:port
+LDAP_USERS_BASE_DN=                         # ldap users base dn of the form ou=users,dc=cloudron
+LDAP_GROUPS_BASE_DN=                        # ldap groups base dn of the form ou=groups,dc=cloudron
+LDAP_BIND_DN=                               # DN to perform LDAP requests
+LDAP_BIND_PASSWORD=                         # Password to perform LDAP requests
+```
+
+For debugging, [cloudron exec](https://www.npmjs.com/package/cloudron) can be used to run the `ldapsearch` client within the context of the app:
+```
+cloudron exec
+
+# list users
+> ldapsearch -x -h "${LDAP_SERVER}" -p "${LDAP_PORT}" -b  "${LDAP_USERS_BASE_DN}"
+
+# list users with authentication (Substitute username and password below)
+> ldapsearch -x -D cn=<username>,${LDAP_USERS_BASE_DN} -w <password> -h "${LDAP_SERVER}" -p "${LDAP_PORT}" -b  "${LDAP_USERS_BASE_DN}"
+
+# list admins
+> ldapsearch -x -h "${LDAP_SERVER}" -p "${LDAP_PORT}" -b  "${LDAP_USERS_BASE_DN}" "memberof=cn=admins,${LDAP_GROUPS_BASE_DN}"
+
+# list groups
+> ldapsearch -x -h "${LDAP_SERVER}" -p "${LDAP_PORT}" -b  "${LDAP_GROUPS_BASE_DN}"
+```
+
+## localstorage
+
+Since all Cloudron apps run within a read-only filesystem, this addon provides a writeable folder under `/app/data/`.
+All contents in that folder are included in the backup. On first run, this folder will be empty. File added in this path
+as part of the app's image (Dockerfile) won't be present. A common pattern is to create the directory structure required
+the app as part of the app's startup script.
+
+The permissions and ownership of data within that directory are not guranteed to be preserved. For this reason, each app
+has to restore permissions as required by the app as part of the app's startup script.
+
+If the app is running under the recommeneded `cloudron` user, this can be achieved with:
+```
+chown -R cloudron:cloudron /app/data
+```
+
+## mongodb
+
+By default, this addon provide mongodb 2.6.3.
+
+Exported environment variables:
+```
+MONGODB_URL=          # mongodb url
+MONGODB_USERNAME=     # username
+MONGODB_PASSWORD=     # password
+MONGODB_HOST=         # server IP/hostname
+MONGODB_PORT=         # server port
+MONGODB_DATABASE=     # database name
+```
+
+For debugging, [cloudron exec](https://www.npmjs.com/package/cloudron) can be used to run the `mongo` shell within the context of the app:
+```
+cloudron exec
+
+# mongo -u "${MONGODB_USERNAME}" -p "${MONGODB_PASSWORD}" ${MONGODB_HOST}:${MONGODB_PORT}/${MONGODB_DATABASE}
+
+```
+## mysql
+
+By default, this addon provides a single database on MySQL 5.6.19. The database is already created and the application
+only needs to create the tables.
+
+Exported environment variables:
+```
+MYSQL_URL=            # the mysql url (only set when using a single database, see below)
+MYSQL_USERNAME=       # username
+MYSQL_PASSWORD=       # password
+MYSQL_HOST=           # server IP/hostname
+MYSQL_PORT=           # server port
+MYSQL_DATABASE=       # database name (only set when using a single database, see below)
+```
+
+For debugging, [cloudron exec](https://www.npmjs.com/package/cloudron) can be used to run the `mysql` client within the context of the app:
+```
+cloudron exec
+
+> mysql --user=${MYSQL_USERNAME} --password=${MYSQL_PASSWORD} --host=${MYSQL_HOST} ${MYSQL_DATABASE}
+
+```
+
+The `multipleDatabases` option can be set to `true` if the app requires more than one database. When enabled,
+the following environment variables are injected:
+
+```
+MYSQL_DATABASE_PREFIX=      # prefix to use to create databases
+```
+
+## oauth
+
+The Cloudron OAuth 2.0 provider can be used in an app to implement Single Sign-On.
+
+Exported environment variables:
+```
+OAUTH_CLIENT_ID=      # client id
+OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET=  # client secret
+```
+
+The callback url required for the OAuth transaction can be contructed from the environment variables below:
+
+```
+APP_DOMAIN=           # hostname of the app
+APP_ORIGIN=           # origin of the app of the form https://domain
+API_ORIGIN=      # origin of the OAuth provider of the form https://my-cloudrondomain
+```
+
+OAuth2 URLs can be constructed as follows:
+
+```
+AuthorizationURL = ${API_ORIGIN}/api/v1/oauth/dialog/authorize # see above for API_ORIGIN
+TokenURL = ${API_ORIGIN}/api/v1/oauth/token
+```
+
+The token obtained via OAuth has a restricted scope wherein they can only access the [profile API](/references/api.html#profile). This restriction
+is so that apps cannot make undesired changes to the user's Cloudron.
+
+We currently provide OAuth2 integration for Ruby [omniauth](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/omniauth-cloudron) and Node.js [passport](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/passport-cloudron).
+
+## postgresql
+
+By default, this addon provides PostgreSQL 9.4.4.
+
+Exported environment variables:
+```
+POSTGRESQL_URL=       # the postgresql url
+POSTGRESQL_USERNAME=  # username
+POSTGRESQL_PASSWORD=  # password
+POSTGRESQL_HOST=      # server name
+POSTGRESQL_PORT=      # server port
+POSTGRESQL_DATABASE=  # database name
+```
+
+The postgresql addon whitelists the hstore and pg_trgm extensions to be installable by the database owner.
+
+For debugging, [cloudron exec](https://www.npmjs.com/package/cloudron) can be used to run the `psql` client within the context of the app:
+```
+cloudron exec
+
+> PGPASSWORD=${POSTGRESQL_PASSWORD} psql -h ${POSTGRESQL_HOST} -p ${POSTGRESQL_PORT} -U ${POSTGRESQL_USERNAME} -d ${POSTGRESQL_DATABASE}
+```
+
+## recvmail
+
+The recvmail addon can be used to receive email for the application.
+
+Exported environment variables:
+```
+MAIL_IMAP_SERVER=     # the IMAP server. this can be an IP or DNS name
+MAIL_IMAP_PORT=       # the IMAP server port
+MAIL_IMAP_USERNAME=   # the username to use for authentication
+MAIL_IMAP_PASSWORD=   # the password to use for authentication
+MAIL_TO=              # the "To" address to use
+MAIL_DOMAIN=          # the mail for which email will be received
+```
+
+The IMAP server only accepts TLS connections. The app must be prepared to accept self-signed certs (this is not a problem because the
+imap address is internal to the Cloudron).
+
+For debugging, [cloudron exec](https://www.npmjs.com/package/cloudron) can be used to run the `openssl` tool within the context of the app:
+```
+cloudron exec
+
+> openssl s_client -connect "${MAIL_IMAP_SERVER}:${MAIL_IMAP_PORT}" -crlf
+```
+
+The IMAP command `? LOGIN username password` can then be used to test the authentication.
+
+## redis
+
+By default, this addon provides redis 2.8.13. The redis is configured to be persistent and data is preserved across updates
+and restarts.
+
+Exported environment variables:
+```
+REDIS_URL=            # the redis url
+REDIS_HOST=           # server name
+REDIS_PORT=           # server port
+REDIS_PASSWORD=       # password
+```
+
+For debugging, [cloudron exec](https://www.npmjs.com/package/cloudron) can be used to run the `redis-cli` client within the context of the app:
+```
+cloudron exec
+
+> redis-cli -h "${REDIS_HOST}" -p "${REDIS_PORT}" -a "${REDIS_PASSWORD}"
+```
+
+## scheduler
+
+The scheduler addon can be used to run tasks at periodic intervals (cron).
+
+Scheduler can be configured as below:
+```
+    "scheduler": {
+        "update_feeds": {
+            "schedule": "*/5 * * * *",
+            "command": "/app/code/update_feed.sh"
+        }
+    }
+```
+
+In the above example, `update_feeds` is the name of the task and is an arbitrary string.
+
+`schedule` values must fall within the following ranges:
+
+ * Minutes: 0-59
+ * Hours: 0-23
+ * Day of Month: 1-31
+ * Months: 0-11
+ * Day of Week: 0-6
+
+_NOTE_: scheduler does not support seconds
+
+`schedule` supports ranges (like standard cron):
+
+ * Asterisk. E.g. *
+ * Ranges. E.g. 1-3,5
+ * Steps. E.g. */2
+
+`command` is executed through a shell (sh -c). The command runs in the same launch environment
+as the application. Environment variables, volumes (`/tmp` and `/run`) are all
+shared with the main application.
+
+If a task is still running when a new instance of the task is scheduled to be started, the previous
+task instance is killed.
+
+
+## sendmail
+
+The sendmail addon can be used to send email from the application.
+
+Exported environment variables:
+```
+MAIL_SMTP_SERVER=     # the mail server (relay) that apps can use. this can be an IP or DNS name
+MAIL_SMTP_PORT=       # the mail server port
+MAIL_SMTP_USERNAME=   # the username to use for authentication as well as the `from` username when sending emails
+MAIL_SMTP_PASSWORD=   # the password to use for authentication
+MAIL_FROM=            # the "From" address to use
+MAIL_DOMAIN=          # the domain name to use for email sending (i.e username@domain)
+```
+
+The SMTP server does not require STARTTLS. If STARTTLS is used, the app must be prepared to accept self-signed certs.
+
+For debugging, [cloudron exec](https://www.npmjs.com/package/cloudron) can be used to run the `swaks` tool within the context of the app:
+```
+cloudron exec
+
+> swaks --server "${MAIL_SMTP_SERVER}" -p "${MAIL_SMTP_PORT}" --from "${MAIL_SMTP_USERNAME}@${MAIL_DOMAIN}" --body "Test mail from cloudron app at $(hostname -f)" --auth-user "${MAIL_SMTP_USERNAME}" --auth-password "${MAIL_SMTP_PASSWORD}"
+```

docs/references/architecture.md

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# Introduction
+
+The Cloudron platform is designed to easily install and run web applications.
+The application architecture is designed to let the Cloudron take care of system
+operations like updates, backups, firewalls, domain management, certificate management
+etc. This allows app developers to focus on their application logic instead of deployment.
+
+At a high level, an application provides an `image` and a `manifest`. The image is simply
+a docker image that is a bundle of the application code and it's dependencies.  The manifest
+file specifies application runtime requirements like database type and authentication scheme.
+It also provides meta information for display purposes in the [Cloudron Store](/appstore.html)
+like the title, icon and pricing.
+
+Web applications like blogs, wikis, password managers, code hosting, document editing,
+file syncers, notes, email, forums are a natural fit for the Cloudron. Decentralized "social"
+networks are also good app candidates for the Cloudron.
+
+# Image
+
+Application images are created using [Docker](https://www.docker.io). Docker provides a way
+to package (and containerize) the application as a filesystem which contains it's code, system libraries
+and just about anything the app requires. This flexible approach allows the application to use just
+about any language or framework.
+
+Application images are instantiated as `containers`. Cloudron can run one or more isolated instances
+of the same application as one or more containers.
+
+Containerizing your application provides the following benefits:
+* Apps run in the familiar environment that they were packaged for and can have libraries
+and packages that are independent of the host OS.
+* Containers isolate applications from one another.
+
+The [base image](/references/baseimage.html) is the parent of all app images.
+
+# Cloudron Manifest
+
+Each app provides a `CloudronManifest.json` that specifies information required for the
+`Cloudron Store` and for the installation of the image in the Cloudron.
+
+Information required for container installation includes:
+* List of `addons` like databases, caches, authentication mechanisms and file systems
+* The http port on which the container is listening for incoming requests
+* Additional TCP ports on which the application is listening to (for e.g., git, ssh,
+irc protocols)
+
+Information required for the Cloudron Store includes:
+* Unique App Id
+* Title
+* Version
+* Logo
+
+See the [manifest reference](/references/manifest.html) for more information.
+
+# Addons
+
+Addons are services like database, authentication, email, caching that are part of the
+Cloudron. Setup, provisioning, scaling and maintenance of addons is taken care of by the
+Cloudron.
+
+The fundamental idea behind addons is to allow resource sharing across applications.
+For example, a single MySQL server instance can be used across multiple apps. The Cloudron
+sets up addons in such a way that apps are isolated from each other.
+
+Addons are opt-in and must be specified in the Cloudron Manifest. When the app runs, environment
+variables contain the necessary information to access the addon. See the
+[addon reference](/references/addons.html) for more information.
+
+# Authentication
+
+The Cloudron provides a centralized dashboard to manage users, roles and permissions. Applications
+do not create or manage user credentials on their own and instead use one of the various
+authentication strategies provided by the Cloudron.
+
+Authentication strategies include OAuth 2.0, LDAP or Simple Auth. See the
+[Authentication Reference](/references/authentication.html) for more information.
+
+Authorizing users is application specific and it is only authentication that is delegated to the
+Cloudron.
+
+# Cloudron App Library
+
+Cloudron App Library provides a market place to publish your app.
+Submitting to the app library enables any Cloudron user to discover and install your application with a few clicks.
+
+# What next?
+
+* [Package an existing app for the Cloudron](/tutorials/packaging.html)

docs/references/authentication.md

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+# Overview
+
+Cloudron provides a centralized dashboard to manage users, roles and permissions. Applications
+do not create or manage user credentials on their own and instead use one of the various
+authentication strategies provided by the Cloudron.
+
+Note that authentication only identifies a user and does not indicate if the user is authorized
+to perform an action in the application. Authorizing users is application specific and must be
+implemented by the application.
+
+# Users & Admins
+
+Cloudron user management is intentionally very simple. The owner (first user) of the
+Cloudron is `admin` by default. The `admin` role allows one to install, uninstall and reconfigure
+applications on the Cloudron.
+
+A Cloudron `admin` can create one or more users. Cloudron users can login and use any of the installed
+apps in the Cloudron. In general, adding a cloudron user is akin to adding a person from one's family
+or organization or team because such users gain access to all apps in the Cloudron. Removing a user
+immediately revokes access from all apps.
+
+A Cloudron `admin` can give admin privileges to one or more Cloudron users.
+
+Each Cloudron user has an unique `username` and an `email`.
+
+# Strategies
+
+Cloudron provides multiple authentication strategies.
+
+* OAuth 2.0 provided by the [OAuth addon](/references/addons.html#oauth)
+* LDAP provided by the [LDAP addon](/references/addons.html#ldap)
+
+# Choosing a strategy
+
+Applications can be broadly categorized based on their user management as follows:
+
+* Multi-user aware
+  * Such apps have a full fledged user system and support multiple users and groups.
+  * These apps should use OAuth or LDAP.
+  * LDAP and OAuth APIs allow apps to detect if the user is a cloudron `admin`. Apps should use this flag
+    to show the application's admin panel for such users.
+
+
+* No user
+  * Such apps have no concept of logged-in user.
+
+* Single user
+  * Such apps only have a single user who is usually also the `admin`.
+  * These apps can use Simple Auth or LDAP since they can authenticate users with a simple HTTP or LDAP request.
+  * Such apps _must_ set the `singleUser` property in the manifest which will restrict login to a single user
+    (configurable through the Cloudron's admin panel).
+
+# Public and Private apps
+
+`Private` apps display content only when they have a signed-in user. These apps can choose one of the
+authentication strategies listed above.
+
+`Public` apps display content to any visiting user (e.g a blog). These apps have a `login` url to allow
+the editors & admins to login. This path can be optionally set as the `configurePath` in the manifest for
+discoverability (for example, some blogs hide the login link).
+
+Some apps allow the user to choose `private` or `public` mode or some other combination. Such configuration
+is done at app install time and cannot be changed using a settings interface. It is tempting to show the user
+a configuration dialog on first installation to switch the modes. This, however, leads the user to believe that
+this configuration can be changed at any time later. In the case where this setting can be changed dynamically
+from a settings ui in the app, it's better to simply put some sensible defaults and let the user discover
+the settings. In the case where such settings cannot be changed dynamically, it is best to simply publish two
+separate apps in the Cloudron store each with a different configuration.
+
+# External User Registration
+
+Some apps allow external users to register and create accounts. For example, a public company chat that
+can invite anyone to join or a blog allowing registered commenters.
+
+Such applications must track Cloudron users and external registered users independently (for example, using a flag).
+As a thumb rule, apps must provide separate login buttons for each of the possible user sources. Such a design prevents
+external users from (inadvertently) spoofing Cloudron users.
+
+Naively handling user registration enables attacks of the following kind:
+* An external user named `foo` registers in the app.
+* A LDAP user named `foo` is later created on the Cloudron.
+* When a user named `foo` logs in, the app cannot determine the correct `foo` anymore. Making separate login buttons for each
+login source clears the confusion for both the user and the app.
+
+# Userid
+
+The preferred approach to track users in an application is a uuid or the Cloudron `username`.
+The `username` in Cloudron is unique and cannot be changed.
+
+Tracking users using `email` field is error prone since that may be changed by the user anytime.
+
+# Single Sign-on
+
+Single sign-on (SSO) is a property where a user logged in one application automatically logs into
+another application without having to re-enter his credentials. When applications implement the
+OAuth strategy, they automatically take part in Cloudron SSO. When a user signs in one application with
+OAuth, they will automatically log into any other app implementing OAuth.
+
+Conversely, signing off from one app, logs them off from all the apps.
+
+# Security
+
+The LDAP and Simple Auth strategies require the user to provide their plain text passwords to the
+application. This might be a cause of concern and app developers are thus highly encouraged to integrate
+with OAuth. OAuth also has the advantage of supporting Single Sign On.

docs/references/baseimage.md

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# Overview
+
+The application's Dockerfile must specify the FROM base image to be `cloudron/base:0.10.0`.
+
+The base image already contains most popular software packages including node, nginx, apache,
+ruby, PHP. Using the base image greatly reduces the size of app images.
+
+The goal of the base image is simply to provide pre-downloaded software packages. The packages
+are not configured in any way and it's up to the application to configure them as they choose.
+For example, while `apache` is installed, there are no meaningful site configurations that the
+application can use.
+
+# Packages
+
+The following packages are part of the base image. If you need another version, you will have to
+install it yourself.
+
+* Apache 2.4.18
+* Composer 1.2.0
+* Go 1.6.4, 1.7.5 (install under `/usr/local/go-<version>`)
+* Gunicorn 19.4.5
+* Java 1.8
+* Maven 3.3.9
+* Mongo 2.6.10
+* MySQL Client 5.7.17
+* nginx 1.10.0
+* Node 0.10.48, 0.12.18, 4.7.3, 6.9.5 (installed under `/usr/local/node-<version>`) [more information](#node-js)
+* Perl 5.22.1
+* PHP 7.0.13
+* Postgresql client 9.5.4
+* Python 2.7.12
+* Redis 3.0.6
+* Ruby 2.3.1
+* sqlite3 3.11.0
+* Supervisor 3.2.0
+* uwsgi 2.0.12
+
+# Inspecting the base image
+
+The base image can be inspected by installing [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/installation/).
+
+Once installed, pull down the base image locally using the following command:
+```
+    docker pull cloudron/base:0.10.0
+```
+
+To inspect the base image:
+```
+    docker run -ti cloudron/base:0.10.0 /bin/bash
+```
+
+*Note:* Please use `docker 1.9.0` or above to pull the base image. Doing otherwise results in a base
+image with an incorrect image id. The image id of `cloudron/base:0.10.0` is `5ec8ca8525be`.
+
+# The `cloudron` user
+
+The base image contains a user named `cloudron` that apps can use to run their app.
+
+It is good security practice to run apps as a non-previleged user.
+
+# Env vars
+
+The following environment variables are set as part of the application runtime.
+
+## API_ORIGIN
+
+API_ORIGIN is set to the HTTP(S) origin of this Cloudron's API. For example,
+`https://my-girish.cloudron.us`.
+
+## APP_DOMAIN
+
+APP_DOMAIN is set to the domain name of the application. For example, `app-girish.cloudron.us`.
+
+## APP_ORIGIN
+
+APP_ORIGIN is set to the HTTP(S) origin on the application. This is origin which the
+user can use to reach the application. For example, `https://app-girish.cloudron.us`.
+
+## CLOUDRON
+
+CLOUDRON is always set to '1'. This is useful to write Cloudron specific code.
+
+## WEBADMIN_ORIGIN
+
+WEBADMIN_ORIGIN is set to the HTTP(S) origin of the Cloudron's web admin. For example,
+`https://my-girish.cloudron.us`.
+
+# Node.js
+
+The base image comes pre-installed with various node.js versions.
+
+They can be used by adding `ENV PATH /usr/local/node-<version>/bin:$PATH`.
+
+See [Packages](/references/baseimage.html#packages) for available versions.

docs/references/button.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# Cloudron Button
+
+The `Cloudron Button` allows anyone to install an application with
+the click of a button on their Cloudron.
+
+The button can be added to just about any website including the application's website
+and README.md files in GitHub repositories.
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+The `Cloudron Button` is intended to work only for applications that have been
+published on the Cloudron Store. The [basic tutorial](/tutorials/basic.html#publishing)
+gives an overview of how to package and publish your application for the
+Cloudron Store.
+
+## HTML Snippet
+
+```
+<img src="https://cloudron.io/img/button32.png" href="https://cloudron.io/button.html?app=<appid>">
+```
+
+_Note_: Replace `<appid>` with your application's id.
+
+## Markdown Snippet
+
+```
+[![Install](https://cloudron.io/img/button32.png)](https://cloudron.io/button.html?app=<appid>)
+```
+
+_Note_: Replace `<appid>` with your application's id.
+
+
+## Button Height
+
+The button may be used in different heights - 32, 48 and 64 pixels.
+
+[![Install](/img/button32.png)](https://cloudron.io/button.html?app=io.gogs.cloudronapp)
+
+[![Install](/img/button48.png)](https://cloudron.io/button.html?app=io.gogs.cloudronapp)
+
+[![Install](/img/button64.png)](https://cloudron.io/button.html?app=io.gogs.cloudronapp)
+
+or as SVG
+
+[![Install](/img/button.svg)](https://cloudron.io/button.html?app=io.gogs.cloudronapp)
+
+_Note_: Clicking the buttons above will install [Gogs](http://gogs.io/) on your Cloudron.

docs/references/manifest.md

@@ -0,0 +1,441 @@
+# Overview
+
+Every Cloudron Application contains a `CloudronManifest.json`.
+
+The manifest contains two categories of information:
+
+* Information about displaying the app on the Cloudron Store. For example,
+  the title, author information, description etc
+
+* Information for installing the app on the Cloudron. This includes fields
+  like httpPort, tcpPorts.
+
+A CloudronManifest.json can **only** contain fields that are listed as part of this
+specification. The Cloudron Store and the Cloudron *may* reject applications that have
+extra fields.
+
+Here is an example manifest:
+
+```
+{
+  "id": "com.example.test",
+  "title": "Example Application",
+  "author": "Girish Ramakrishnan <girish@cloudron.io>",
+  "description": "This is an example app",
+  "tagline": "A great beginning",
+  "version": "0.0.1",
+  "healthCheckPath": "/",
+  "httpPort": 8000,
+  "addons": {
+    "localstorage": {}
+  },
+  "manifestVersion": 1,
+  "website": "https://www.example.com",
+  "contactEmail": "support@clourdon.io",
+  "icon": "file://icon.png",
+  "tags": [ "test", "collaboration" ],
+  "mediaLinks": [ "https://images.rapgenius.com/fd0175ef780e2feefb30055be9f2e022.520x343x1.jpg" ]
+}
+```
+
+# Fields
+
+## addons
+
+Type: object
+
+Required: no
+
+Allowed keys
+* [email](addons.html#email)
+* [ldap](addons.html#ldap)
+* [localstorage](addons.html#localstorage)
+* [mongodb](addons.html#mongodb)
+* [mysql](addons.html#mysql)
+* [oauth](addons.html#oauth)
+* [postgresql](addons.html#postgresql)
+* [recvmail](addons.html#recvmail)
+* [redis](addons.html#redis)
+* [sendmail](addons.html#sendmail)
+
+The `addons` object lists all the [addons](addons.html) and the addon configuration used by the application.
+
+Example:
+```
+  "addons": {
+    "localstorage": {},
+    "mongodb": {}
+  }
+```
+
+## author
+
+Type: string
+
+Required: yes
+
+The `author` field contains the name and email of the app developer (or company).
+
+Example:
+```
+  "author": "Cloudron UG <girish@cloudron.io>"
+```
+
+## changelog
+
+Type: markdown string
+
+Required: no (required for submitting to the Cloudron Store)
+
+The `changelog` field contains the changes in this version of the application. This string
+can be a markdown style bulleted list.
+
+Example:
+```
+  "changelog": "* Add support for IE8 \n* New logo"
+```
+
+## contactEmail
+
+Type: email
+
+Required: yes
+
+The `contactEmail` field contains the email address that Cloudron users can contact for any
+bug reports and suggestions.
+
+Example:
+```
+  "contactEmail": "support@testapp.com"
+```
+
+## description
+
+Type: markdown string
+
+Required: yes
+
+The `description` field contains a detailed description of the app. This information is shown
+to the user when they install the app from the Cloudron Store.
+
+Example:
+```
+  "description": "This is a detailed description of this app."
+```
+
+A large `description` can be unweildy to manage and edit inside the CloudronManifest.json. For
+this reason, the `description` can also contain a file reference. The Cloudron CLI tool fills up
+the description from this file when publishing your application.
+
+Example:
+```
+  "description:": "file://DESCRIPTION.md"
+```
+
+## healthCheckPath
+
+Type: url path
+
+Required: yes
+
+The `healthCheckPath` field is used by the Cloudron Runtime to determine if your app is running and
+responsive. The app must return a 2xx HTTP status code as a response when this path is queried. In
+most cases, the default "/" will suffice but there might be cases where periodically querying "/"
+is an expensive operation. In addition, the app might want to use a specialized route should it
+want to perform some specialized internal checks.
+
+Example:
+```
+  "healthCheckPath": "/"
+```
+## httpPort
+
+Type: positive integer
+
+Required: yes
+
+The `httpPort` field contains the TCP port on which your app is listening for HTTP requests. This
+is the HTTP port the Cloudron will use to access your app internally.
+
+While not required, it is good practice to mark this port as `EXPOSE` in the Dockerfile.
+
+Cloudron Apps are containerized and thus two applications can listen on the same port. In reality,
+they are in different network namespaces and do not conflict with each other.
+
+Note that this port has to be HTTP and not HTTPS or any other non-HTTP protocol. HTTPS proxying is
+handled by the Cloudron platform (since it owns the certificates).
+
+Example:
+```
+  "httpPort": 8080
+```
+
+## icon
+
+Type: local image filename
+
+Required: no (required for submitting to the Cloudron Store)
+
+The `icon` field is used to display the application icon/logo in the Cloudron Store. Icons are expected
+to be square of size 256x256.
+
+```
+  "icon": "file://icon.png"
+```
+
+## id
+
+Type: reverse domain string
+
+Required: yes
+
+The `id` is a unique human friendly Cloudron Store id. This is similar to reverse domain string names used
+as java package names. The convention is to base the `id` based on a domain that you own.
+
+The Cloudron tooling allows you to build applications with any `id`. However, you will be unable to publish
+the application if the id is already in use by another application.
+
+```
+  "id": "io.cloudron.testapp"
+```
+
+## manifestVersion
+
+Type: integer
+
+Required: yes
+
+`manifestVersion` specifies the version of the manifest and is always set to 1.
+
+```
+  "manifestVersion": 1
+```
+
+## mediaLinks
+
+Type: array of urls
+
+Required: no (required for submitting to the Cloudron Store)
+
+The `mediaLinks` field contains an array of links that the Cloudron Store uses to display a slide show of pictures of the application.
+
+They have to be publicly reachable via `https` and should have an aspect ratio of 3 to 1.
+For example `600px by 200px` (with/height).
+
+```
+  "mediaLinks": [
+    "https://s3.amazonaws.com/cloudron-app-screenshots/org.owncloud.cloudronapp/556f6a1d82d5e27a7c4fca427ebe6386d373304f/2.jpg",
+    "https://images.rapgenius.com/fd0175ef780e2feefb30055be9f2e022.520x343x1.jpg"
+  ]
+```
+
+## memoryLimit
+
+Type: bytes (integer)
+
+Required: no
+
+The `memoryLimit` field is the maximum amount of memory (including swap) in bytes an app is allowed to consume before it
+gets killed and restarted.
+
+By default, all apps have a memoryLimit of 256MB. For example, to have a limit of 500MB,
+
+```
+  "memoryLimit": 524288000
+```
+
+## maxBoxVersion
+
+Type: semver string
+
+Required: no
+
+The `maxBoxVersion` field is the maximum box version that the app can possibly run on. Attempting to install the app on
+a box greater than `maxBoxVersion` will fail.
+
+This is useful when a new box release introduces features which are incompatible with the app. This situation is quite
+unlikely and it is recommended to leave this unset.
+
+## minBoxVersion
+
+Type: semver string
+
+Required: no
+
+The `minBoxVersion` field is the minimum box version that the app can possibly run on. Attempting to install the app on
+a box lesser than `minBoxVersion` will fail.
+
+This is useful when the app relies on features that are only available from a certain version of the box. If unset, the
+default value is `0.0.1`.
+
+## postInstallMessage
+
+Type: markdown string
+
+Required: no
+
+The `postInstallMessageField` is a message that is displayed to the user after an app is installed.
+
+The intended use of this field is to display some post installation steps that the user has to carry out to
+complete the installation. For example, displaying the default admin credentials and informing the user to
+to change it.
+
+The message can have the following special tags:
+* `<sso> ... </sso>` - Content in `sso` blocks are shown if SSO enabled.
+* `<nosso> ... </nosso>`- Content in `nosso` blocks are shows when SSO is disabled.
+
+## optionalSso
+
+Type: boolean
+
+Required: no
+
+The `optionalSso` field can be set to true for apps that can be installed optionally without using the Cloudron user management.
+
+This only applies if any Cloudron auth related addons are used. When set, the Cloudron will not inject the auth related addon environment variables.
+Any app startup scripts have to be able to deal with missing env variables in this case.
+
+## tagline
+
+Type: one-line string
+
+Required: no (required for submitting to the Cloudron Store)
+
+The `tagline` is used by the Cloudron Store to display a single line short description of the application.
+
+```
+  "tagline": "The very best note keeper"
+```
+
+## tags
+
+Type: Array of strings
+
+Required: no (required for submitting to the Cloudron Store)
+
+The `tags` are used by the Cloudron Store for filtering searches by keyword.
+
+```
+  "tags": [ "git", "version control", "scm" ]
+```
+
+## targetBoxVersion
+
+Type: semver string
+
+Required: no
+
+The `targetBoxVersion` field is the box version that the app was tested on. By definition, this version has to be greater
+than the `minBoxVersion`.
+
+The box uses this value to enable compatibility behavior of APIs. For example, an app sets the targetBoxVersion to 0.0.5
+and is published on the store. Later, box version 0.0.10 introduces a new feature that conflicts with how apps used
+to run in 0.0.5 (say SELinux was enabled for apps). When the box runs such an app, it ensures compatible behavior
+and will disable the SELinux feature for the app.
+
+If unspecified, this value defaults to `minBoxVersion`.
+
+## tcpPorts
+
+Type: object
+
+Required: no
+
+Syntax: Each key is the environment variable. Each value is an object containing `title`, `description` and `defaultValue`.
+An optional `containerPort` may be specified.
+
+The `tcpPorts` field provides information on the non-http TCP ports/services that your application is listening on. During
+installation, the user can decide how these ports are exposed from their Cloudron.
+
+For example, if the application runs an SSH server at port 29418, this information is listed here. At installation time,
+the user can decide any of the following:
+* Expose the port with the suggested `defaultValue` to the outside world. This will only work if no other app is being exposed at same port.
+* Provide an alternate value on which the port is to be exposed to outside world.
+* Disable the port/service.
+
+To illustrate, the application lists the ports as below:
+```
+  "tcpPorts": {
+    "SSH_PORT": {
+      "title": "SSH Port",
+      "description": "SSH Port over which repos can be pushed & pulled",
+      "defaultValue": 29418,
+      "containerPort": 22
+    }
+  },
+```
+
+In the above example:
+* `SSH_PORT` is an app specific environment variable. Only strings, numbers and _ (underscore) are allowed. The author has to ensure that they don't clash with platform profided variable names.
+
+* `title` is a short one line information about this port/service.
+
+* `description` is a multi line description about this port/service.
+
+* `defaultValue` is the recommended port value to be shown in the app installation UI.
+
+* `containerPort` is the port that the app is listening on (recall that each app has it's own networking namespace).
+
+In more detail:
+
+* If the user decides to disable the SSH service, this environment variable `SSH_PORT` is absent. Applications _must_ detect this on
+  start up and disable these services.
+
+* `SSH_PORT` is set to the value of the exposed port. Should the user choose to expose the SSH server on port 6000, then the
+  value of SSH_PORT is 6000.
+
+* `defaultValue` is **only** used for display purposes in the app installation UI.  This value is independent of the value
+   that the app is listening on. For example, the app can run an SSH server at port 22 but still recommend a value of 29418 to the user.
+
+* `containerPort` is the port that the app is listening on. The Cloudron runtime will _bridge_ the user chosen external port
+  with the app specific `containerPort`. Cloudron Apps are containerized and each app has it's own networking namespace.
+  As a result, different apps can have the same `containerPort` value because these values are namespaced.
+
+* The environment variable `SSH_PORT` may be used by the app to display external URLs. For example, the app might want to display
+  the SSH URL. In such a case, it would be incorrect to use the `containerPort` 22 or the `defaultValue` 29418 since this is not
+  the value chosen by the user.
+
+* `containerPort` is optional and can be omitted, in which case the bridged port numbers are the same internally and externally.
+  Some apps use the same variable (in their code) for listen port and user visible display strings. When packaging these apps,
+  it might be simpler to listen on `SSH_PORT` internally. In such cases, the app can omit the `containerPort` value and should
+  instead reconfigure itself to listen internally on `SSH_PORT` on each start up.
+
+## title
+
+Type: string
+
+Required: yes
+
+The `title` is the primary application title displayed on the Cloudron Store.
+
+Example:
+```
+  "title": "Gitlab"
+```
+
+## version
+
+Type: semver string
+
+Required: yes
+
+The `version` field specifies a [semver](http://semver.org/) string. The version is used by the Cloudron to compare versions and to
+determine if an update is available.
+
+Example:
+```
+  "version": "1.1.0"
+```
+
+## website
+
+Type: url
+
+Required: yes
+
+The `website` field is a URL where the user can read more about the application.
+
+Example:
+```
+  "website": "https://example.com/myapp"
+```

docs/references/recipes.md

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Configuration Recipes
+
+## nginx
+
+`nginx` is often used as a reverse proxy in front of the application, to dispatch to different backend programs based on the request route or other characteristics. In such a case it is recommended to run nginx and the application through a process manager like `supervisor`.
+
+Example nginx supervisor configuration file:
+```
+[program:nginx]
+directory=/tmp
+command=/usr/sbin/nginx -g "daemon off;"
+user=root
+autostart=true
+autorestart=true
+stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/%(program_name)s.log
+stderr_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/%(program_name)s.log
+```
+
+The nginx configuration, provided with the base image, can be used by adding an application specific config file under `/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/` when building the docker image.
+
+```
+ADD <app config file> /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/<app config file>
+```
+
+Since the base image nginx configuration is unpatched from the ubuntu package, the application configuration has to ensure nginx is using `/run/` instead of `/var/lib/nginx/` to support the read-only filesystem nature of a Cloudron application.
+
+Example nginx app config file:
+```
+client_body_temp_path /run/client_body;
+proxy_temp_path /run/proxy_temp;
+fastcgi_temp_path /run/fastcgi_temp;
+scgi_temp_path /run/scgi_temp;
+uwsgi_temp_path /run/uwsgi_temp;
+
+server {
+  listen 8000;
+
+  root /app/code/dist;
+
+  location /api/v1/ {
+    proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8001;
+    proxy_http_version 1.1;
+    proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
+    proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
+    proxy_read_timeout 86400;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+## supervisor
+
+Use this in the program's config:
+
+```
+[program:app]
+stdout_logfile=/dev/stdout
+stdout_logfile_maxbytes=0
+stderr_logfile=/dev/stderr
+stderr_logfile_maxbytes=0
+```

docs/references/selfhosting.md

@@ -0,0 +1,510 @@
+# Overview
+
+The Cloudron platform can be installed on public cloud servers from EC2, Digital Ocean, Hetzner,
+Linode, OVH, Scaleway, Vultr etc. Cloudron also runs well on a home server or company intranet.
+
+If you run into any trouble following this guide, ask us at our [chat](https://chat.cloudron.io).
+
+# Understand
+
+Before installing the Cloudron, it is helpful to understand Cloudron's design. The Cloudron
+intends to make self-hosting effortless. It takes care of updates, backups, firewall, dns setup,
+certificate management etc. All app and user configuration is carried out using the web interface.
+
+This approach to self-hosting means that the Cloudron takes complete ownership of the server and
+only tracks changes that were made via the web interface. Any external changes made to the server
+(i.e other than via the Cloudron web interface or API) may be lost across updates.
+
+The Cloudron requires a domain name when it is installed. Apps are installed into subdomains.
+The `my` subdomain is special and is the location of the Cloudron web interface. For this to
+work, the Cloudron requires a way to programmatically configure the DNS entries of the domain.
+Note that the Cloudron will never overwrite _existing_ DNS entries and refuse to install
+apps on existing subdomains (so, it is safe to reuse an existing domain that runs other services).
+
+# Cloud Server
+
+DigitalOcean and EC2 (Amazon Web Services) are frequently tested by us.
+
+Please use the below links to support us with referrals:
+* [Amazon EC2](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/)
+* [DigitalOcean](https://m.do.co/c/933831d60a1e)
+
+In addition to those, the Cloudron community has successfully installed the platform on those providers:
+* [Amazon Lightsail](https://amazonlightsail.com/)
+* [hosttech](https://www.hosttech.ch/?promocode=53619290)
+* [Linode](https://www.linode.com/?r=f68d816692c49141e91dd4cef3305da457ac0f75)
+* [OVH](https://www.ovh.com/)
+* [Rosehosting](https://secure.rosehosting.com/clientarea/?affid=661)
+* [Scaleway](https://www.scaleway.com/)
+* [So you Start](https://www.soyoustart.com/)
+* [Vultr](http://www.vultr.com/?ref=7110116-3B)
+
+Please let us know if any of them requires tweaks or adjustments.
+
+# Installing
+
+## Create server
+
+Create an `Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial)` server with at-least `1gb` RAM and 20GB disk space.
+Do not make any changes to vanilla ubuntu. Be sure to allocate a static IPv4 address
+for your server.
+
+Cloudron has a built-in firewall and ports are opened and closed dynamically, as and when
+apps are installed, re-configured or removed. For this reason, be sure to open all TCP and
+UDP traffic to the server and leave the traffic management to the Cloudron.
+
+### Kimsufi
+
+Be sure to check the "use the distribution kernel" checkbox in the personalized installation mode.
+
+### Linode
+
+Since Linode does not manage SSH keys, be sure to add the public key to
+`/root/.ssh/authorized_keys`.
+
+## Run setup
+
+SSH into your server and run the following commands:
+
+```
+wget https://cloudron.io/cloudron-setup
+chmod +x cloudron-setup
+./cloudron-setup --provider <azure|digitalocean|ec2|lightsail|linode|ovh|rosehosting|scaleway|vultr|generic>
+```
+
+The setup will take around 10-15 minutes.
+
+**cloudron-setup** takes the following arguments:
+
+* `--provider` is the name of your VPS provider. If the name is not on the list, simply
+choose `generic`. In most cases, the `generic` provider mostly will work fine.
+If the Cloudron does not complete initialization, it may mean that
+we have to add some vendor specific quirks. Please open a
+[bug report](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/box/issues) in that case.
+
+Optional arguments for installation:
+
+* `--tls-provider` is the name of the SSL/TLS certificate backend. Defaults to Let's encrypt.
+Specifying `fallback` will setup the Cloudron to use the fallback wildcard certificate.
+Initially a self-signed one is provided, which can be overwritten later in the admin interface.
+This may be useful for non-public installations.
+
+
+* `--data-dir` is the path where Cloudron will store platform and application data. Note: data
+directory must be an `ext4` filesystem.
+
+Optional arguments used for update and restore:
+
+* `--version` is the version of Cloudron to install. By default, the setup script installs
+the latest version. You can set this to an older version when restoring a Cloudron from a backup.
+
+* `--restore-url` is a backup URL to restore from.
+
+## Domain setup
+
+Once the setup script completes, the server will reboot, then visit your server by its
+IP address (`https://ip`) to complete the installation.
+
+The setup website will show a certificate warning. Accept the self-signed certificate
+and proceed to the domain setup.
+
+Currently, only subdomains of the [Public Suffix List](https://publicsuffix.org/) are supported.
+For example, `example.com`,  `example.co.uk` will work fine. Choosing other non-registrable
+domain names like `cloudron.example.com` will not work.
+
+### Route 53
+
+Create root or IAM credentials and choose `Route 53` as the DNS provider.
+
+* For root credentials:
+  * In AWS Console, under your name in the menu bar, click `Security Credentials`
+  * Click on `Access Keys` and create a key pair.
+* For IAM credentials:
+    * You can use the following policy to create IAM credentials:
+
+```
+{
+    "Version": "2012-10-17",
+    "Statement": [
+        {
+            "Effect": "Allow",
+            "Action": "route53:*",
+            "Resource": [
+                "arn:aws:route53:::hostedzone/<hosted zone id>"
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "Effect": "Allow",
+            "Action": [
+                "route53:ListHostedZones",
+                "route53:GetChange"
+            ],
+            "Resource": [
+                "*"
+            ]
+        }
+    ]
+}
+```
+
+### Digital Ocean
+
+Create an API token with read+write access and choose `Digital Ocean` as the DNS provider.
+
+### Other
+
+If your domain *does not* use Route 53 or Digital Ocean, setup a wildcard (`*`) DNS `A` record that points to the
+IP of the server created above. If your DNS provider has an API, please open an
+[issue](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/box/issues) and we may be able to support it.
+
+## Finish Setup
+
+Once the domain setup is done, the Cloudron will configure the DNS and get a SSL certificate. It will automatically redirect to `https://my.<domain>`.
+
+# Backups
+
+The Cloudron creates encrypted backups once a day. Each app is backed up independently and these
+backups have the prefix `app_`. The platform state is backed up independently with the
+prefix `box_`.
+
+By default, backups reside in `/var/backups`. Please note that having backups reside in the same
+physical machine as the Cloudron server instance is dangerous and it must be changed to
+an external storage location like `S3` as soon as possible.
+
+## Amazon S3
+
+Provide S3 backup credentials in the `Settings` page and leave the endpoint field empty.
+
+Create a bucket in S3 (You have to have an account at [AWS](https://aws.amazon.com/)). The bucket can be setup to periodically delete old backups by
+adding a lifecycle rule using the AWS console. S3 supports both permanent deletion
+or moving objects to the cheaper Glacier storage class based on an age attribute.
+With the current daily backup schedule a setting of two days should be sufficient
+for most use-cases.
+
+* For root credentials:
+    * In AWS Console, under your name in the menu bar, click `Security Credentials`
+    * Click on `Access Keys` and create a key pair.
+* For IAM credentials:
+* You can use the following policy to create IAM credentials:
+
+```
+{
+    "Version": "2012-10-17",
+    "Statement": [
+        {
+            "Effect": "Allow",
+            "Action": "s3:*",
+            "Resource": [
+                "arn:aws:s3:::<your bucket name>",
+                "arn:aws:s3:::<your bucket name>/*"
+            ]
+        }
+    ]
+}
+```
+
+The `Encryption key` is an arbitrary passphrase used to encrypt the backups. Keep the passphrase safe; it is
+required to decrypt the backups when restoring the Cloudron.
+
+## Minio S3
+
+[Minio](https://minio.io/) is a distributed object storage server, providing the same API as Amazon S3.
+Since Cloudron supports S3, any API compatible solution should be supported as well, if this is not the case, let us know.
+
+Minio can be setup, by following the [installation instructions](https://docs.minio.io/) on any server, which is reachable by the Cloudron.
+Do not setup Minio on the same server as the Cloudron, this will inevitably result in data loss, if backups are stored on the same instance.
+
+Once setup, minio will print the necessary information, like login credentials, region and endpoints in its logs.
+
+```
+$ ./minio server ./storage
+
+Endpoint:  http://192.168.10.113:9000  http://127.0.0.1:9000
+AccessKey: GFAWYNJEY7PUSLTHYHT6
+SecretKey: /fEWk66E7GsPnzE1gohqKDovaytLcxhr0tNWnv3U
+Region:    us-east-1
+```
+
+First create a new bucket for the backups, using the minio commandline tools or the webinterface. The bucket has to have **read and write** permissions.
+
+The information to be copied to the Cloudron's backup settings form may look similar to:
+
+<img src="/docs/img/minio_backup_config.png" class="shadow"><br/>
+
+The `Encryption key` is an arbitrary passphrase used to encrypt the backups. Keep the passphrase safe; it is
+required to decrypt the backups when restoring the Cloudron.
+
+# Email
+
+Cloudron has a built-in email server. By default, it only sends out email on behalf of apps
+(for example, password reset or notification). You can enable the email server for sending
+and receiving mail on the `settings` page. This feature is only available if you have setup
+a DNS provider like Digital Ocean or Route53.
+
+Your server's IP plays a big role in how emails from our Cloudron get handled. Spammers
+frequently abuse public IP addresses and as a result your Cloudron might possibly start
+out with a bad reputation. The good news is that most IP based blacklisting services cool
+down over time. The Cloudron sets up DNS entries for SPF, DKIM, DMARC automatically and
+reputation should be easy to get back.
+
+## Checklist
+
+* If you are unable to receive mail, first thing to check is if your VPS provider lets you
+  receive mail on port 25.
+
+    * Digital Ocean - New accounts frequently have port 25 blocked. Write to their support to
+      unblock your server.
+
+    * EC2, Lightsail & Scaleway - Edit your security group to allow email.
+
+* Setup a Reverse DNS PTR record to be setup for the `my` subdomain.
+  **Note:** PTR records are a feature of your VPS provider and not your domain provider.
+
+    * You can verify the PTR record [https://mxtoolbox.com/ReverseLookup.aspx](here).
+
+    * AWS EC2 & Lightsail - Fill the [PTR request form](https://aws-portal.amazon.com/gp/aws/html-forms-controller/contactus/ec2-email-limit-rdns-request).
+
+    * Digital Ocean - Digital Ocean sets up a PTR record based on the droplet's name. So, simply rename
+    your droplet to `my.<domain>`. Note that some new Digital Ocean accounts have [port 25 blocked](https://www.digitalocean.com/community/questions/port-25-smtp-external-access).
+
+    * Linode - Follow this [guide](https://www.linode.com/docs/networking/dns/setting-reverse-dns).
+
+    * Scaleway - Edit your security group to allow email and [reboot the server](https://community.online.net/t/security-group-not-working/2096) for the change to take effect. You can also set a PTR record on the interface with your `my.<domain>`.
+
+* Check if your IP is listed in any DNSBL list [here](http://multirbl.valli.org/) and [here](http://www.blk.mx).
+  In most cases, you can apply for removal of your IP by filling out a form at the DNSBL manager site.
+
+* When using wildcard or manual DNS backends, you have to setup the DMARC, MX records manually.
+
+* Finally, check your spam score at [mail-tester.com](https://www.mail-tester.com/). The Cloudron
+should get 100%, if not please let us know.
+
+# CLI Tool
+
+The [Cloudron tool](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/cloudron-cli) is useful for managing
+a Cloudron. <b class="text-danger">The Cloudron CLI tool has to be installed & run on a Laptop or PC</b>
+
+Once installed, you can install, configure, list, backup and restore apps from the command line.
+
+## Linux & OS X
+
+Installing the CLI tool requires node.js and npm. The CLI tool can be installed using the following command:
+
+```
+npm install -g cloudron
+```
+
+Depending on your setup, you may need to run this as root.
+
+On OS X, it is known to work with the `openssl` package from homebrew.
+
+See [#14](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/cloudron-cli/issues/14) for more information.
+
+## Windows
+
+The CLI tool does not work on Windows. Please contact us on our [chat](https://chat.cloudron.io) if you want to help with Windows support.
+
+# Updates
+
+Apps installed from the Cloudron Store are automatically updated every night.
+
+The Cloudron platform itself updates in two ways: update or upgrade.
+
+### Update
+
+An **update** is applied onto the running server instance. Such updates are performed
+every night. You can also use the Cloudron UI to initiate an update immediately.
+
+The Cloudron will always make a complete backup before attempting an update. In the unlikely
+case an update fails, it can be [restored](/references/selfhosting.html#restore).
+
+### Upgrade
+
+An **upgrade** requires a new OS image. This process involves creating a new server from scratch
+with the latest code and restoring it from the last backup.
+
+To upgrade follow these steps closely:
+
+* Create a new backup - `cloudron machine backup create`
+
+* List the latest backup - `cloudron machine backup list`
+
+* Make the backup available for the new cloudron instance:
+
+  * `S3` - When storing backup ins S3, make the latest box backup public - files starting with `box_` (from v0.94.0) or `backup_`. This can be done from the AWS S3 console as seen here:
+
+    <img src="/docs/img/aws_backup_public.png" class="shadow haze"><br/>
+
+    Copy the new public URL of the latest backup for use as the `--restore-url` below.
+
+    <img src="/docs/img/aws_backup_link.png" class="shadow haze"><br/>
+
+  * `File system` - When storing backups in `/var/backups`, you have to make the box and the app backups available to the new Cloudron instance's `/var/backups`. This can be achieved in a variety of ways depending on the situation: like scp'ing the backup files to the machine before installation, mounting the external backup hard drive into the new Cloudron's `/var/backup` OR downloading a copy of the backup using `cloudron machine backup download` and uploading them to the new machine. After doing so, pass `file:///var/backups/<path to box backup>` as the `--restore-url` below.
+
+* Create a new Cloudron by following the [installing](/references/selfhosting.html#installing) section.
+  When running the setup script, pass in the `--encryption-key` and `--restore-url` flags.
+  The `--encryption-key` is the backup encryption key. It can be displayed with `cloudron machine info`
+
+Similar to the initial installation, a Cloudron upgrade looks like:
+```
+$ ssh root@newserverip
+> wget https://cloudron.io/cloudron-setup
+> chmod +x cloudron-setup
+> ./cloudron-setup --provider <digitalocean|ec2|generic|scaleway> --domain <example.com> --encryption-key <key> --restore-url <publicS3Url>
+```
+
+Note: When upgrading an old version of Cloudron (<= 0.94.0), pass the `--version 0.94.1` flag and then continue updating
+from that.
+
+ * Finally, once you see the newest version being displayed in your Cloudron webinterface, you can safely delete the old server instance.
+
+# Restore
+
+To restore a Cloudron from a specific backup:
+
+* Select the backup - `cloudron machine backup list`
+
+* Make the backup public
+
+  * `S3` - Make the box backup publicly readable - files starting with `box_` (from v0.94.0) or `backup_`. This can be done from the AWS S3 console. Once the box has restored, you can make it private again.
+
+  * `File system` - When storing backups in `/var/backups`, you have to make the box and the app backups available to the new Cloudron instance's `/var/backups`. This can be achieved in a variety of ways depending on the situation: like scp'ing the backup files to the new machine before Cloudron installation OR mounting an external backup hard drive into the new Cloudron's `/var/backup` OR downloading a copy of the backup using `cloudron machine backup download` and uploading them to the new machine. After doing so, pass `file:///var/backups/<path to box backup>` as the `--restore-url` below.
+
+* Create a new Cloudron by following the [installing](/references/selfhosting.html#installing) section.
+  When running the setup script, pass in the `version`, `encryption-key`, `domain` and `restore-url` flags.
+  The `version` field is the version of the Cloudron that the backup corresponds to (it is embedded
+  in the backup file name).
+
+* Make the box backup private, once the upgrade is complete.
+
+# Security
+
+Security is a core feature of the Cloudron and we continue to push out updates to tighten the Cloudron's security policy. Our goal is that Cloudron users should be able to rely on Cloudron being secure out of the box without having to do manual configuration.
+
+This section lists various security measures in place to protect the Cloudron.
+
+## HTTP Security
+
+*   Cloudron admin has a CSP policy that prevents XSS attacks.
+*   Cloudron set various security related HTTP headers like `X-XSS-Protection`, `X-Download-Options`,
+    `X-Content-Type-Options`, `X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies`, `X-Frame-Options` across all apps.
+
+## SSL
+
+*   Cloudron enforces HTTPS across all apps. HTTP requests are automatically redirected to
+    HTTPS.
+*   The Cloudron automatically installs and renews certificates for your apps as needed. Should
+    installation of certificate fail for reasons beyond it's control, Cloudron admins will get a notification about it.
+*   Cloudron sets the `Strict-Transport-Security` header (HSTS) to protect apps against downgrade attacks
+    and cookie hijacking.
+*   Cloudron has A+ rating for SSL from [SSL Labs](https://cloudron.io/blog/2017-02-22-release-0.102.0.html).
+
+## App isolation
+
+*   Apps are isolated completely from one another. One app cannot tamper with another apps' database or
+    local files. We achieve this using Linux Containers.
+*   Apps run with a read-only rootfs preventing attacks where the application code can be tampered with.
+*   Apps can only connect to addons like databases, LDAP, email relay using authentication.
+*   Apps are run with an AppArmor profile that disables many system calls and restricts access to `proc`
+    and `sys` filesystems.
+*   Most apps are run as non-root user. In the future, we intend to implement user namespaces.
+*   Each app is run in it's own subdomain as opposed to sub-paths. This ensures that XSS vulnerabilities
+    in one app doesn't [compromise](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/24155/preventing-insecure-webapp-on-subdomain-compromise-security-of-main-webapp) other apps.
+
+## Email
+
+*   Cloudron checks against the [Zen Spamhaus DNSBL](https://www.spamhaus.org/zen/) before accepting mail.
+*   Email can only be accessed with IMAP over TLS (IMAPS).
+*   Email can only be relayed (including same-domain emails) by authenticated users using SMTP/STARTTLS.
+*   Cloudron ensures that `MAIL FROM` is the same as the authenticated user. Users cannot spoof each other.
+*   All outbound mails from Cloudron are `DKIM` signed.
+*   Cloudron automatically sets up SPF, DMARC policies in the DNS for best email delivery.
+*   All incoming mail is scanned via `Spamassasin`.
+
+## Firewall
+
+*   Cloudron blocks all incoming ports except 22 (ssh), 80 (http), 443 (https)
+*   When email is enabled, Cloudron allows 25 (SMTP), 587 (MSA), 993 (IMAPS) and 4190 (WebSieve)
+
+## OS Updates
+
+*   Ubuntu [automatic security updates](https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AutomaticSecurityUpdates) are enabled
+
+## Rate limits
+
+The goal of rate limits is to prevent password brute force attacks.
+
+*   Cloudron password verification routes - 10 requests per second per IP.
+*   HTTP and HTTPS requests - 5000 requests per second per IP.
+*   SSH access - 5 connections per 10 seconds per IP.
+*   Email access (Port 25, 587, 993, 4190) - 50 connections per second per IP/App.
+*   Database addons access - 5000 connections per second per app (addons use 128 byte passwords).
+*   Email relay access - 500 connections per second per app.
+*   Email receive access - 50 connections per second per app.
+*   Auth addon access - 500 connections per second per app.
+
+## Password restrictions
+
+*   Cloudron requires user passwords to have 1 uppercase, 1 number and 1 symbol.
+*   Minimum length for user passwords is 8
+
+## Privacy
+
+*   Cloudron apps have a default `Referrer-Policy` of `no-referrer-when-downgrade`.
+*   Backups are optionally encrypted with AES-256-CBC.
+*   Let's Encrypt [submits](https://letsencrypt.org/certificates/)
+    all certificates to [Certificate Transparency Logs](https://www.certificate-transparency.org/).
+    This means that the apps that you install and use are going to be guessable. For example,
+    [crt.sh](https://crt.sh) can display all your subdomains and you can visit those subdomains and
+    guess the app. Generally, this is not a problem because using hidden DNS names is not a security
+    measure. If you want to avoid this, you can always use a wildcard certificate.
+*   Cloudron does not collect any user information and this is not our business model. We collect
+    information regarding the configured backend types. This helps us focus on improving backends
+    based on their use. You can review the specific code [here](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/box/blob/master/src/appstore.js#L124).
+
+# Data directory
+
+If you are installing a brand new Cloudron, you can configure the data directory
+that Cloudron uses by passing the `--data-dir` option to `cloudron-setup`.
+
+Note: data directory must be an `ext4` filesystem.
+
+```
+./cloudron-setup --provider <digitalocean|ec2|generic|scaleway> --data-dir /var/cloudrondata
+```
+
+If you have an existing Cloudron, we recommend moving the existing data directory
+to a new location as follows (`DATA_DIR` is the location to move your data):
+
+```
+    systemctl stop cloudron.target
+    systemctl stop docker
+    DATA_DIR="/var/data"
+    mkdir -p "${DATA_DIR}"
+    mv /home/yellowtent/appsdata "${DATA_DIR}"
+    ln -s "${DATA_DIR}/appsdata" /home/yellowtent/appsdata
+    mv /home/yellowtent/platformdata "${DATA_DIR}"
+    ln -s "${DATA_DIR}/platformdata" /home/yellowtent/platformdata
+    systemctl start docker
+    systemctl start cloudron.target
+```
+
+# Debug
+
+You can SSH into your Cloudron and collect logs:
+
+* `journalctl -a -u box` to get debug output of box related code.
+* `docker ps` will give you the list of containers. The addon containers are named as `mail`, `postgresql`,
+   `mysql` etc. If you want to get a specific container's log output, `journalctl -a CONTAINER_ID=<container_id>`.
+
+# Alerts
+
+The Cloudron will notify the Cloudron administrator via email if apps go down, run out of memory, have updates
+available etc.
+
+You will have to setup a 3rd party service like [Cloud Watch](https://aws.amazon.com/cloudwatch/) or [UptimeRobot](http://uptimerobot.com/) to monitor the Cloudron itself. You can use `https://my.<domain>/api/v1/cloudron/status`
+as the health check URL.
+
+# Help
+
+If you run into any problems, join us at our [chat](https://chat.cloudron.io) or [email us](mailto:support@cloudron.io).

docs/references/usermanual.md

@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+# Introduction
+
+The Cloudron is the best platform self-hosting web applications on your server. You
+can easily install apps on it, add users, manage access restriction and keep your
+server and apps updated with no effort.
+
+You might wonder that there are so many 1-click app solutions out there and what is so special
+about Cloudron? As the name implies, 1-click installers simply install code into a server
+and leave it at that. There's so much more to do:
+
+1. Configure a domain to point to your server
+2. Setup SSL certificates and renew them periodically
+3. Ensure apps are backed up correctly
+4. Ensure apps are uptodate and secure
+5. Have a mechanism to quickly restore apps from a backup
+6. Manage users across all your apps
+7. Get alerts and notifications about the status of apps
+
+... and so on ...
+
+We made the Cloudron to dramatically lower the bar for people to run apps on servers. Just provide
+a domain name, install apps and add users. All the server management tasks listed above is
+completely automated.
+
+If you want to learn more about the secret sauce that makes the Cloudron, please read our
+[architecture overview](/references/architecture.html).
+
+# Use cases
+
+Here are some of the apps you can run on a Cloudron:
+
+* RSS Reader
+* Chat, IRC, Jabber servers
+* Public forum
+* Blog
+* File syncing and sharing
+* Code hosting
+* Email
+
+Our list of apps is growing everyday, so be sure to [follow us on twitter](https://twitter.com/cloudron_io).
+
+# Activation
+
+When you first create the Cloudron, the setup wizard will ask you to setup an administrator
+account. Don't worry, a Cloudron adminstrator doesn't need to know anything about maintaining
+a server! It's the whole reason why we made the Cloudron. Being a Cloudron administrator is
+more analagous to being the owner of a smartphone. You can always add more administrators to
+the Cloudron from the `Users` menu item.
+
+<img src="/docs/img/webadmin_domain.png" class="shadow">
+
+The Cloudron administration page is located at the `my` subdomain. You might want to bookmark
+this link!
+
+# Apps
+
+## Installation
+
+You can install apps on the Cloudron by choosing the `App Store` menu item. Use the 'Search' bar
+to search for apps.
+
+Clicking on app gives you information about the app.
+
+<img src="/docs/img/app_info.png" class="shadow">
+
+Clicking the `Install` button will show an install dialog like below:
+
+<img src="/docs/img/app_install.png" class="shadow">
+
+The `Location` field is the subdomain in which your app will be installed. For example, if you use the
+`mail` location for your web mail client, then it will be accessible at `mail.<domain>`.
+
+Tip: You can access the apps directly on your browser using `mail.<domain>`. You don't have to
+visit the Cloudron administration panel.
+
+`Access control` specifies who can access this app.
+
+* `Every Cloudron user` - Any user in your Cloudron can access the app. Initially, you are the only
+   user in your Cloudron. Unless you explicitly invite others, nobody else can access these apps.
+   Note that the term 'access' depends on the app. For a blog, this means that nobody can post new
+   blog posts (but anybody can view them). For a chat server, this might mean that nobody can access
+   your chat server.
+
+* `Restrict to groups` - Only users in the groups can access the app.
+
+## Updates
+
+All your apps automatically update as and when the application author releases an update. The Cloudron
+will attempt to update around midnight of your timezone.
+
+Some app updates are not automatic. This can happen if a new version of the app has removed some features
+that you were relying on. In such a case, the update has to be manually approved. This is simply a matter
+of clicking the `Update` button (the green star) after you read about the changes.
+
+<img src="/docs/img/app_update.png" class="shadow">
+
+## Backups
+
+<i>If you self-host, please refer to the [self-hosting documentation](/references/selfhosting.html#backups) for backups.</i>
+
+All apps are automatically backed up every day. Backups are stored encrypted in Amazon S3. You don't have
+to do anything about it. The [Cloudron CLI](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/cloudron-cli) tool can be used
+to download application backups.
+
+## Configuration
+
+Apps can be reconfigured using the `Configure` button.
+
+<img src="/docs/img/app_configure_button.png" class="shadow">
+
+Click on the wrench button will bring up the configure dialog.
+
+<img src="/docs/img/app_configure.png" class="shadow">
+
+You can do the following:
+* Change the location to move the app to another subdomain. Say, you want to move your blog from `blog` to `about`.
+* Change who can access the app.
+
+Changing an app's configuration has a small downtime (usually around a minute).
+
+## Restore
+
+Apps can be restored to a previous backup by clicking on the `Restore` button.
+
+<img src="/docs/img/app_restore_button.png" class="shadow">
+
+Note that restoring previous data might also restore the previous version of the software. For example, you might
+be currently using Version 5 of the app. If you restore to a backup that was made with Version 3 of the app, then the restore
+operation will install Version 3 of the app. This is because the latest version may not be able to handle old data.
+
+## Uninstall
+
+You can uninstall an app by clicking the `Uninstall` button.
+
+<img src="/docs/img/app_uninstall_button.png" class="shadow">
+
+Note that all data associated with the app will be immediately removed from the Cloudron. App data might still
+persist in your old backups and the [CLI tool](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/cloudron-cli) provides a way to
+restore from those old backups should it be required.
+
+## Embedding Apps
+
+It is possible to embed Cloudron apps into other websites. By default, this is disabled to prevent
+[Clickjacking](https://cloudron.io/blog/2016-07-15-site-embedding.html).
+
+You can set a website that is allowed to embed your Cloudron app using the app's [Configure dialog](#configuration).
+Click on 'Show Advanced Settings...' and enter the embedder website name.
+
+# Custom domain
+
+When you create a Cloudron from cloudron.io, we provide a subdomain under `cloudron.me` like `girish.cloudron.me`.
+Apps are available under that subdomain using a hyphenated name like `blog-girish.cloudron.me`.
+
+Domain names are a thing of pride and the Cloudron makes it easy to make your apps accessible from memorable locations like `blog.girish.in`.
+
+## Single app on a custom domain
+
+This approach is applicable if you desire that only a single app be accessing from a custom
+domain. For this, open the app's configure dialog and choose `External Domain` in the location dropdown.
+
+<img src="/docs/img/app_external_domain.png" class="shadow">
+
+This dialog will suggest you to add a `CNAME` record (for subdomains) or an `A` record (for naked domains).
+Once you setup a record with your DNS provider, the app will be accessible from that external domain.
+
+## Entire Cloudron on a custom domain
+
+This approach is applicable if you want all your apps to be accessible from subdomains of your custom domain.
+For example, `blog.girish.in`, `notes.girish.in`, `owncloud.girish.in`, `mail.girish.in` and so on. This
+approach is also the only way that the Cloudron supports for sending and receiving emails from your domain.
+
+For this, go to the 'Domains & Certs' menu item.
+
+<img src="/docs/img/custom_domain_menu.png" class="shadow">
+
+Change the domain name to your custom domain. Currently, we require that your domain be hosted on AWS Route53.
+
+<img src="/docs/img/custom_domain_change.png" class="shadow">
+
+Moving to a custom domain will retain all your apps and data and will take around 15 minutes. If you require assistance with another provider,
+<a href="mailto:support@cloudron.io">just let us know</a>.
+
+# User management
+
+## Users
+
+You can invite new users (friends, family, colleagues) with their email address from the `Users` menu. They will
+receive an invite to sign up with your Cloudron. They can now access the apps that you have given them access
+to.
+
+<img src="/docs/img/users.png" class="shadow">
+
+To remove a user, simply remove them from the list. Note that the removed user cannot access any app anymore.
+
+## Administrators
+
+A Cloudron administrator is a special right given to an existing Cloudron user allowing them to manage
+apps and users. To make an existing user an administator, click the edit (pencil) button corresponding to
+the user and check the `Allow this user to manage apps, groups and other users` checkbox.
+
+<img src="/docs/img/administrator.png" class="shadow">
+
+## Groups
+
+Groups provide a convenient way to group users. It's purpose is two-fold:
+
+* You can assign one or more groups to apps to restrict who can access for an app.
+* Each group is a mailing list (forwarding address) constituting of it's members.
+
+You can create a group by using the `Groups` menu item.
+
+<img src="/docs/img/groups.png" class="shadow">
+
+To set the access restriction use the app's configure dialog.
+
+<img src="/docs/img/app_access_control.png" class="shadow">
+
+You can now send mails to `groupname@<domain>` to address all the group members.
+
+# Login
+
+## Cloudron admin
+
+The Cloudron admin page is always located at the `my` subdomain of your Cloudron domain. For custom domains,
+this will be like `my.girish.in`. For domains from cloudron.io, this will be like `my-girish.cloudron.me`.
+
+## Apps (single sign-on)
+
+An important feature of the Cloudron is Single Sign-On. You use the same username & password for logging in
+to all your apps. No more having to manage separate set of credentials for each service!
+
+## Single user apps
+
+Some apps only work with a single user. For example, a notes app might allow only a single user to login and add
+notes. For such apps, you will be prompted during installation to select the single user who can access the app.
+
+<img src="/docs/img/app_single_user.png" class="shadow">
+
+If you want multiple users to use the app independently, simply install the app multiple times to different locations.
+
+# Email
+
+The Cloudron has a built-in email server. The primary email address is the same as the username. Emails can be sent
+and received from `<username>@<domain>`. The Cloudron does not allow masquerading - one user cannot send email
+pretending to be another user.
+
+## Enabling Email
+
+By default, Cloudron's email server only allows apps to send email. To enable users to send and receive email,
+turn on the option under `Settings`. Turning on this option also allows apps to _receive_ email.
+
+Once email is enabled, the Cloudron will keep the the `MX` DNS record updated.
+
+<img src="/docs/img/enable_email.png" class="shadow">
+
+## Receiving email using IMAP
+
+Use the following settings to receive email.
+
+  * Server Name - Use the `my` subdomain of your Cloudron
+  * Port - 993
+  * Connection Security - TLS
+  * Username/password - Same as your Cloudron credentials
+
+## Sending email using SMTP
+
+Use the following settings to send email.
+
+  * Server Name - Use the `my` subdomain of your Cloudron
+  * Port - 587
+  * Connection Security - STARTTLS
+  * Username/password - Same as your Cloudron credentials
+
+## Email filters using Sieve
+
+Use the following settings to setup email filtering users via Manage Sieve.
+
+  * Server Name - Use the `my` subdomain of your Cloudron
+  * Port - 4190
+  * Connection Security - TLS
+  * Username/password - Same as your Cloudron credentials
+
+The [Rainloop](https://cloudron.io/appstore.html?app=net.rainloop.cloudronapp) and [Roundcube](https://cloudron.io/appstore.html?app=net.roundcube.cloudronapp)
+apps are already pre-configured to use the above settings.
+
+## Aliases
+
+You can configure one or more aliases alongside the primary email address of each user. You can set aliases by editing the
+user's settings, available behind the edit button in the user listing. Note that aliases cannot conflict with existing user names.
+
+<img src="/docs/img/email_alias.png" class="shadow">
+
+Currently, it is not possible to login using the alias for SMTP/IMAP/Sieve services. Instead, add the alias as an identity in
+your mail client but login using the Cloudron credentials.
+
+## Subaddresses
+
+Emails addressed to `<username>+tag@<domain>` will be delivered to the `username` mailbox. You can use this feature to give out emails of the form
+`username+kayak@<domain>`, `username+aws@<domain>` and so on and have them all delivered to your mailbox.
+
+## Forwarding addresses
+
+Each group on the Cloudron is also a forwarding address. Mails can be addressed to `group@<domain>` and the mail will
+be sent to each user who is part of the group.
+
+## Marking Spam
+
+The spam detection agent on the Cloudron requires training to identify spam. To do this, simply move your junk mails
+to a pre-created folder named `Spam`. Most mail clients have a Junk or Spam button which does this automatically.
+
+# Graphs
+
+The Graphs view shows an overview of the disk and memory usage on your Cloudron.
+
+<img src="/docs/img/graphs.png" class="shadow">
+
+The `Disk Usage` graph shows you how much disk space you have left. Note that the Cloudron will
+send the Cloudron admins an email notification when the disk is ~90% full.
+
+The `Apps` Memory graph shows the memory consumed by each installed app. You can click on each segment
+on the graph to see the memory consumption over time in the chart below it.
+
+The `System` Memory graph shows the overall memory consumption on the entire Cloudron. If you see
+the Free memory < 50MB frequently, you should consider upgrading to a Cloudron with more memory.
+
+# Activity log
+
+The `Activity` view shows the activity on your Cloudron. It includes information about who is using
+the apps on your Cloudron and also tracks configuration changes.
+
+<img src="/docs/img/activity.png" class="shadow">
+
+# API Access
+
+All the operations listed in this manual like installing app, configuring users and groups, are
+completely programmable with a [REST API](/references/api.html).
+
+# Domains and SSL Certificates
+
+All apps on the Cloudron can only be reached by `https`. The Cloudron automatically installs and
+renews certificates for your apps as needed. Should installation of certificate fail for reasons
+beyond it's control, Cloudron admins will get a notification about it.
+
+# OAuth Provider
+
+Cloudron is an OAuth 2.0 provider. To integrate Cloudron login into an external application, create
+an OAuth application under `API Access`.
+
+You can use the following OAuth URLs to add Cloudron in the external app:
+```
+authorizationURL: https://my.<domain>/api/v1/oauth/dialog/authorize
+
+tokenURL:         https://my.<domain>/api/v1/oauth/token
+```
+
+# Moving to a larger Cloudron
+
+When using a Cloudron from cloudron.io, it is easy to migrate your apps and data to a bigger server.
+In the `Settings` page, you can change the plan.
+
+<insert picture>
+
+# Command line tool
+
+If you are a software developer or a sysadmin, the Cloudron comes with a CLI tool that can be
+used to develop custom apps for the Cloudron. Read more about it [here](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/cloudron-cli).

docs/tutorials/node.md

@@ -0,0 +1,623 @@
+# Overview
+
+This tutorial provides an introduction to developing applications
+for the Cloudron using node.js.
+
+# Installation
+
+## Install CLI tool
+
+The Cloudron CLI tool allows you to install, configure and test apps on your Cloudron.
+
+Installing the CLI tool requires [node.js](https://nodejs.org/) and
+[npm](https://www.npmjs.com/). You can then install the CLI tool using the following
+command:
+
+```
+    sudo npm install -g cloudron
+```
+
+Note: Depending on your setup, you can run the above command without `sudo`.
+
+## Testing your installation
+
+The `cloudron` command should now be available in your path.
+
+Let's login to the Cloudron as follows:
+
+```
+$ cloudron login
+Cloudron Hostname: craft.selfhost.io
+
+Enter credentials for craft.selfhost.io:
+Username: girish
+Password:
+Login successful.
+```
+
+## Your First Application
+
+Creating an application for Cloudron can be summarized as follows:
+
+1. Create a web application using any language/framework. This web application must run a HTTP server
+   and can optionally provide other services using custom protocols (like git, ssh, TCP etc).
+
+2. Create a [Dockerfile](http://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/) that specifies how to create
+   an application ```image```. An ```image``` is essentially a bundle of the application source code
+   and it's dependencies.
+
+3. Create a [CloudronManifest.json](/references/manifest.html) file that provides essential information
+   about the app. This includes information required for the Cloudron Store like title, version, icon and
+   runtime requirements like `addons`.
+
+## Simple Web application
+
+To keep things simple, we will start by deploying a trivial node.js server running on port 8000.
+
+Create a new project folder `tutorial/` and add a file named `tutorial/server.js` with the following content:
+```javascript
+var http = require("http");
+
+var server = http.createServer(function (request, response) {
+  response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
+  response.end("Hello World\n");
+});
+
+server.listen(8000);
+
+console.log("Server running at port 8000");
+```
+
+## Dockerfile
+
+A Dockerfile contains commands to assemble an image.
+
+Create a file named `tutorial/Dockerfile` with the following content:
+
+```dockerfile
+FROM cloudron/base:0.10.0
+
+ADD server.js /app/code/server.js
+
+CMD [ "/usr/local/node-6.9.5/bin/node", "/app/code/server.js" ]
+```
+
+The `FROM` command specifies that we want to start off with Cloudron's [base image](/references/baseimage.html).
+All Cloudron apps **must** start from this base image.
+
+The `ADD` command copies the source code of the app into the directory `/app/code`.
+While this example only copies a single file, the ADD command can be used to copy directory trees as well.
+See the [Dockerfile](https://docs.docker.com/reference/builder/#add) documentation for more details.
+
+The `CMD` command specifies how to run the server. There are multiple versions of node available under `/usr/local`. We
+choose node v6.9.5 for our app.
+
+## CloudronManifest.json
+
+The `CloudronManifest.json` specifies
+
+* Information about displaying the app on the Cloudron Store. For example,
+  the title, author information, description etc
+
+* Information for installing the app on the Cloudron. This includes fields
+  like httpPort, tcpPorts.
+
+Create the CloudronManifest.json using the following command:
+
+```
+$ cloudron init
+id: io.cloudron.tutorial                       # unique id for this app. use reverse domain name convention
+author: John Doe                               # developer or company name of the for user <email>
+title: Tutorial App                            # Cloudron Store title of this app
+description: App that uses node.js             # A string or local file reference like file://DESCRIPTION.md
+tagline: Changing the world one app at a time  # A tag line for this app for the Cloudron Store
+website: https://cloudron.io                   # A link to this app's website
+contactEmail: support@cloudron.io              # Contact email of developer or company
+httPort: 8000                                  # The http port on which this application listens to
+```
+
+The above command creates a CloudronManifest.json:
+
+File ```tutorial/CloudronManifest.json```
+
+```json
+{
+  "id": "io.cloudron.tutorial",
+  "author": "John Doe",
+  "title": "Tutorial App",
+  "description": "App that uses node.js",
+  "tagline": "Changing the world one app at a time",
+  "version": "0.0.1",
+  "healthCheckPath": "/",
+  "httpPort": 8000,
+  "addons": {
+    "localstorage": {}
+  },
+  "minBoxVersion": "0.0.1",
+  "manifestVersion": 1,
+  "website": "https://cloudron.io",
+  "contactEmail": "support@cloudron.io",
+  "icon": "",
+  "mediaLinks": []
+}
+```
+
+You can read in more detail about each field in the [Manifest reference](/references/manifest.html).
+
+# Installing
+
+## Building
+
+We now have all the necessary files in place to build and deploy the app to the Cloudron.
+Building creates an image of the app using the Dockerfile which can then be used to deploy
+to the Cloudron.
+
+Building, pushing and pulling docker images is very bandwidth and CPU intensive. To alleviate this
+problem, apps are built using the `build service` which uses `cloudron.io` account credentials.
+
+**Warning**: As of this writing, the build service uses the public Docker registry and the images that are built
+can be downloaded by anyone. This means that your source code will be viewable by others.
+
+Initiate a build using ```cloudron build```:
+```
+$ cloudron build
+Building io.cloudron.tutorial@0.0.1
+
+Appstore login:
+Email: ramakrishnan.girish@gmail.com         # cloudron.io account
+Password:                                    # Enter password
+Login successful.
+
+Build scheduled with id 76cebfdd-7822-4f3d-af17-b3eb393ae604
+Downloading source
+Building
+Step 0 : FROM cloudron/base:0.10.0
+ ---> 97583855cc0c
+Step 1 : ADD server.js /app/code
+ ---> b09b97ecdfbc
+Removing intermediate container 03c1e1f77acb
+Step 2 : CMD /usr/local/node-6.9.5/bin/node /app/code/main.js
+ ---> Running in 370f59d87ab2
+ ---> 53b51eabcb89
+Removing intermediate container 370f59d87ab2
+Successfully built 53b51eabcb89
+The push refers to a repository [cloudron/img-2074d69134a7e0da3d6cdf3c53e241c4] (len: 1)
+Sending image list
+Pushing repository cloudron/img-2074d69134a7e0da3d6cdf3c53e241c4 (1 tags)
+Image already pushed, skipping 57f52d167bbb
+Image successfully pushed b09b97ecdfbc
+Image successfully pushed 53b51eabcb89
+Pushing tag for rev [53b51eabcb89] on {https://cdn-registry-1.docker.io/v1/repositories/cloudron/img-2074d69134a7e0da3d6cdf3c53e241c4/tags/76cebfdd-7822-4f3d-af17-b3eb393ae604}
+Build succeeded
+```
+
+## Installing
+
+Now that we have built the image, we can install our latest build on the Cloudron
+using the following command:
+
+```
+$ cloudron install
+Using cloudron craft.selfhost.io
+Using build 76cebfdd-7822-4f3d-af17-b3eb393ae604 from 1 hour ago
+Location: tutorial                         # This is the location into which the application installs
+App is being installed with id: 4dedd3bb-4bae-41ef-9f32-7f938995f85e
+
+ => Waiting to start installation
+ => Registering subdomain .
+ => Verifying manifest .
+ => Downloading image ..............
+ => Creating volume .
+ => Creating container
+ => Setting up collectd profile ................
+ => Waiting for DNS propagation ...
+
+App is installed.
+```
+
+This makes the app available at https://tutorial-craft.selfhost.io.
+
+Open the app in your default browser:
+```
+cloudron open
+```
+
+You should see `Hello World`.
+
+# Testing
+
+The application testing cycle involves `cloudron build` and `cloudron install`.
+Note that `cloudron install` updates an existing app in place.
+
+You can view the logs using `cloudron logs`. When the app is running you can follow the logs
+using `cloudron logs -f`.
+
+For example, you can see the console.log output in our server.js with the command below:
+
+```
+$ cloudron logs
+Using cloudron craft.selfhost.io
+2015-05-08T03:28:40.233940616Z Server running at port 8000
+```
+
+It is also possible to run a *shell* and *execute* arbitrary commands in the context of the application
+process by using `cloudron exec`. By default, exec simply drops you into an interactive bash shell with
+which you can inspect the file system and the environment.
+
+```
+$ cloudron exec
+```
+
+You can also execute arbitrary commands:
+```
+$ cloudron exec env # display the env variables that your app is running with
+```
+
+# Storing data
+
+For file system storage, an app can use the `localstorage` addon to store data under `/app/data`.
+When the `localstorage` addon is active, any data under /app/data is automatically backed up. When an
+app is updated, /app/data already contains the data generated by the previous version.
+
+*Note*: For convenience, the initial CloudronManifest.json generated by `cloudron init` already contains this
+addon.
+
+Let us put this theory into action by saving a *visit counter* as a file.
+*server.js* has been modified to count the number of visitors on the site by storing a counter
+in a file named ```counter.dat```.
+
+File ```tutorial/server.js```
+
+```javascript
+var http = require('http'),
+    fs = require('fs'),
+    util = require('util');
+
+var COUNTER_FILE = '/app/data/counter.dat';
+
+var server = http.createServer(function (request, response) {
+    var counter = 0;
+    if (fs.existsSync(COUNTER_FILE)) {
+        // read existing counter if it exists
+        counter = parseInt(fs.readFileSync(COUNTER_FILE, 'utf8'), 10);
+    }
+
+    response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
+    response.end(util.format("Hello World. %s visitors have visited this page\n", counter));
+    ++counter; // bump the counter
+    fs.writeFileSync(COUNTER_FILE, counter + '', 'utf8'); // save back counter
+});
+
+server.listen(8000);
+
+console.log("Server running at port 8000");
+```
+
+Now every time you refresh the page you will notice that the counter bumps up. You will
+also notice that if you make changes to the app and do a `cloudron install`, the `counter.dat`
+is *retained* across updates.
+
+# Database
+
+Most web applications require a database of some form. In theory, it is possible to run any
+database you want as part of the application image. This is, however, a waste of server resources
+should every app runs it's own database server.
+
+To solve this, the Cloudron provides shareable resources like databases in form of ```addons```.
+The database server is managed by the Cloudron and the application simply needs to request access to
+the database in the CloudronManifest.json. While the database server itself is a shared resource, the
+databases are exclusive to the application. Each database is password protected and accessible only
+to the application. Databases and tables can be configured without restriction as the application
+requires.
+
+Cloudron currently provides `mysql`, `postgresql`, `mongodb`, `redis` database addons.
+
+For this tutorial, let us try to save the counter in `redis` addon. For this, we make use of the
+[redis](https://www.npmjs.com/package/redis) module.
+
+Since this is a node.js app, let's add a very basic `package.json` containing the `redis` module dependency.
+
+File `tutorial/package.json`
+```json
+{
+  "name": "tutorial",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "redis": "^0.12.1"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+and modify our Dockerfile to look like this:
+
+File `tutorial/Dockerfile`
+
+```dockerfile
+FROM cloudron/base:0.10.0
+
+ENV PATH /usr/local/node-6.9.5/bin:$PATH
+
+ADD server.js /app/code/server.js
+ADD package.json /app/code/package.json
+
+WORKDIR /app/code
+RUN npm install --production
+
+CMD [ "node", "/app/code/server.js" ]
+```
+
+Notice the new `RUN` command which installs the node module dependencies in package.json using `npm install`.
+
+Since we want to use redis, we have to modify the CloudronManifest.json to make redis available for this app.
+
+File `tutorial/CloudronManifest.json`
+
+```json
+{
+  "id": "io.cloudron.tutorial",
+  "author": "John Doe",
+  "title": "Tutorial App",
+  "description": "App that uses node.js",
+  "tagline": "Changing the world one app at a time",
+  "version": "0.0.1",
+  "healthCheckPath": "/",
+  "httpPort": 8000,
+  "addons": {
+    "localstorage": {},
+    "redis": {}
+  },
+  "minBoxVersion": "0.0.1",
+  "manifestVersion": 1,
+  "website": "https://cloudron.io",
+  "contactEmail": "support@cloudron.io",
+  "icon": "",
+  "mediaLinks": []
+}
+```
+
+When the application runs, environment variables `REDIS_HOST`, `REDIS_PORT` and
+`REDIS_PASSWORD` are injected. You can read about the environment variables in the
+[Redis reference](/references/addons.html#redis).
+
+Let's change `server.js` to use redis instead of file backed counting:
+
+File ```tutorial/server.js```
+
+```javascript
+var http = require('http'),
+    fs = require('fs'),
+    util = require('util'),
+    redis = require('redis');
+
+var redisClient = redis.createClient(process.env.REDIS_PORT, process.env.REDIS_HOST);
+redisClient.auth(process.env.REDIS_PASSWORD);
+redisClient.on("error", function (err) {
+  console.log("Redis Client Error " + err);
+});
+
+var COUNTER_KEY = 'counter';
+
+var server = http.createServer(function (request, response) {
+  redisClient.get(COUNTER_KEY, function (err, reply) {
+    var counter = (!err && reply) ? parseInt(reply, 10) : 0;
+    response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
+    response.end(util.format("Hello World. %s visitors have visited this page\n", counter));
+    redisClient.incr(COUNTER_KEY);
+  });
+});
+
+server.listen(8000);
+
+console.log("Server running at port 8000");
+```
+
+Simply `cloudron build` and `cloudron install` to test your app!
+
+# Authentication
+
+The Cloudron has a centralized panel for managing users and groups. Apps can integrate Single Sign-On
+authentication using LDAP or OAuth.
+
+Note that apps that are single user can skip Single Sign-On support. The Cloudron implements an `OAuth
+proxy` (accessed through the app configuration dialog) that optionally lets the Cloudron admin make the
+app visible only for logged in users.
+
+## LDAP
+
+Let's start out by adding the [ldap](/references/addons.html#ldap) addon to the manifest.
+
+File `tutorial/CloudronManifest.json`
+```json
+{
+  "id": "io.cloudron.tutorial",
+  "author": "John Doe",
+  "title": "Tutorial App",
+  "description": "App that uses node.js",
+  "tagline": "Changing the world one app at a time",
+  "version": "0.0.1",
+  "healthCheckPath": "/",
+  "httpPort": 8000,
+  "addons": {
+    "localstorage": {},
+    "ldap": {}
+  },
+  "minBoxVersion": "0.0.1",
+  "manifestVersion": 1,
+  "website": "https://cloudron.io",
+  "contactEmail": "support@cloudron.io",
+  "icon": "",
+  "mediaLinks": []
+}
+```
+
+Building and installing the app shows that the app gets new LDAP specific environment variables.
+
+```
+$ cloudron build
+$ cloudron install
+$ cloudron exec env | grep LDAP
+LDAP_SERVER=172.17.42.1
+LDAP_PORT=3002
+LDAP_URL=ldap://172.17.42.1:3002
+LDAP_USERS_BASE_DN=ou=users,dc=cloudron
+LDAP_GROUPS_BASE_DN=ou=groups,dc=cloudron
+```
+
+Let's test the environment variables to use by using the [ldapjs](http://www.ldapjs.org) npm module.
+We start by adding ldapjs to package.json.
+
+File `tutorial/package.json`
+```json
+{
+  "name": "tutorial",
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "ldapjs": "^0.7.1"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+The server code has been modified to authenticate using the `X-Username` and `X-Password` headers for
+any path other than '/'.
+
+File `tutorial/server.js`
+```javascript
+var http = require("http"),
+    ldap = require('ldapjs');
+
+var ldapClient = ldap.createClient({ url: process.env.LDAP_URL });
+
+var server = http.createServer(function (request, response) {
+  if (request.url === '/') {
+    response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
+    return response.end();
+  }
+
+  var username = request.headers['x-username'] || '';
+  var password = request.headers['x-password'] || '';
+  var ldapDn = 'cn=' + username + ',' + process.env.LDAP_USERS_BASE_DN;
+
+  ldapClient.bind(ldapDn, password, function (error) {
+    if (error) {
+      response.writeHead(401, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
+      response.end('Failed to authenticate: ' + error);
+    } else {
+      response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
+      response.end('Successfully authenticated');
+    }
+  });
+});
+
+server.listen(8000);
+
+console.log("Server running at port 8000");
+```
+
+Once we have used `cloudron build` and `cloudron install`, you can use `curl` to test
+credentials as follows:
+
+```bash
+  # Test with various credentials here. Your cloudon admin username and password should succeed.
+  curl -X 'X-Username: admin' -X 'X-Password: pass' https://tutorial-craft.selfhost.io/login
+```
+
+## OAuth
+
+An app can integrate with OAuth 2.0 Authorization code grant flow by adding
+[oauth](/references/addons.html#oauth) to CloudronManifest.json `addons` section.
+
+Doing so will get the following environment variables:
+```
+$ cloudron exec env
+OAUTH_CLIENT_ID=cid-addon-4089f65a-2adb-49d2-a6d1-e519b7d85e8d
+OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET=5af99a9633283aa15f5e6df4a108ff57f82064e4845de8bce8ad3af54dfa9dda
+OAUTH_ORIGIN=https://my-craft.selfhost.io
+API_ORIGIN=https://my-craft.selfhost.io
+HOSTNAME=tutorial-craft.selfhost.io
+```
+
+OAuth Authorization code grant flow works as follows:
+* App starts the flow by redirecting the user to Cloudron authorization endpoint of the following format:
+```
+https://API_ORIGIN/api/v1/oauth/dialog/authorize?response_type=code&client_id=OAUTH_CLIENT_ID&redirect_uri=CALLBACK_URL&scope=profile
+```
+
+  In the above URL, API_ORIGIN and OAUTH_CLIENT_ID are environment variables. CALLBACK_URL is a url of the app
+to which the user will be redirected back to after successful authentication. CALLBACK_URL has to have the
+same origin as the app.
+
+* The Cloudron OAuth server authenticates the user (using a password form) at the above URL. It also establishes
+that the user grants the client's access request.
+
+* If the user authenticated successfully, it will redirect the browser to CALLBACK_URL with a `code` query parameter.
+
+* The app can exchange the `code` above for a `access token` by using the `OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET`. It does so by making
+  a _POST_ request to the following url:
+```
+https://API_ORIGIN/api/v1/oauth/token?response_type=token&client_id=OAUTH_CLIENT_ID
+```
+with the following request body (json):
+```json
+{
+    "grant_type": "authorization_code",
+    "code": "<the code received in CALLBACK_URL query parameter>",
+    "redirect_uri": "https://<HOSTNAME>",
+    "client_id": "<OAUTH_CLIENT_ID>",
+    "client_secret": "<OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET>"
+}
+```
+
+  In the above URL, API_ORIGIN, OAUTH_CLIENT_ID and HOSTNAME are environment variables. The response contains
+the `access_token` in the body.
+
+* The `access_token` can be used to get the [user's profile](/references/api.html#profile) using the following url:
+```
+https://API_ORIGIN/api/v1/profile?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN
+```
+
+  The `access_token` may also be provided in the `Authorization` header as `Bearer: <token>`.
+
+An implementation of the above OAuth logic is at [ircd-app](https://github.com/cloudron-io/ircd-app/blob/master/settings/app.js).
+
+The following libraries implement Cloudron OAuth for Ruby and Javascript.
+
+ * [omniauth-cloudron](https://github.com/cloudron-io/omniauth-cloudron)
+ * [passport-cloudron](https://github.com/cloudron-io/passport-cloudron)
+
+# Beta Testing
+
+Once your app is ready, you can upload it to the store for `beta testing` by
+other Cloudron users. This can be done using:
+
+```
+  cloudron appstore upload
+```
+
+The app should now be visible in the Store view of your cloudron under
+the 'Testing' section. You can check if the icon, description and other details
+appear correctly.
+
+Other Cloudron users can install your app on their Cloudron's using
+`cloudron install --appstore-id <appid@version>`. Note that this currently
+requires your beta testers to install the CLI tool and put their Cloudron in
+developer mode.
+
+# Publishing
+
+Once you are satisfied with the beta testing, you can submit it for review.
+
+```
+  cloudron appstore submit
+```
+
+The cloudron.io team will review the app and publish the app to the store.
+
+# Next steps
+
+Congratulations! You are now well equipped to build web applications for the Cloudron.
+
+# Samples
+
+  * [Lets Chat](https://github.com/cloudron-io/letschat-app)
+  * [Haste bin](https://github.com/cloudron-io/haste-app)
+  * [Pasteboard](https://github.com/cloudron-io/pasteboard-app)

docs/tutorials/packaging.md

@@ -0,0 +1,719 @@
+# Overview
+
+This tutorial outlines how to package an existing web application for the Cloudron.
+
+If you are aware of Docker and Heroku, you should feel at home packaging for the
+Cloudron. Roughly, the steps involved are:
+
+* Create a Dockerfile for your application. If your application already has a Dockerfile, it
+  is a good starting point for packaging for the Cloudron. By virtue of Docker, the Cloudron
+  is able to run apps written in any language/framework.
+
+* Create a CloudronManifest.json that provides information like title, author, description
+   etc. You can also specify the addons (like database) required
+  to run your app. When the app runs on the Cloudron, it will have environment
+  variables set for connecting to the addon.
+
+* Test the app on your Cloudron with the CLI tool.
+
+* Optionally, submit the app to [Cloudron Store](/appstore.html).
+
+# Prerequisites
+
+## Install CLI tool
+
+The Cloudron CLI tool allows you to install, configure and test apps on your Cloudron.
+
+Installing the CLI tool requires [node.js](https://nodejs.org/) and
+[npm](https://www.npmjs.com/). You can then install the CLI tool using the following
+command:
+
+```
+    sudo npm install -g cloudron
+```
+
+Note: Depending on your setup, you can run the above command without `sudo`.
+
+## Login to Cloudron
+
+The `cloudron` command should now be available in your path.
+
+You can login to your Cloudron now:
+
+```
+$ cloudron login
+Cloudron Hostname: craft.selfhost.io
+
+Enter credentials for craft.selfhost.io:
+Username: girish
+Password:
+Login successful.
+```
+
+# Basic app
+
+We will first package a very simple app to understand how the packaging works.
+You can clone this app from https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/tutorial-basic.
+
+## The server
+
+The basic app server is a very simple HTTP server that runs on port 8000.
+While the server in this tutorial uses node.js, you can write your server
+in any language you want.
+
+```server.js
+var http = require("http");
+
+var server = http.createServer(function (request, response) {
+  response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"});
+  response.end("Hello World\n");
+});
+
+server.listen(8000);
+
+console.log("Server running at port 8000");
+```
+
+## Dockerfile
+
+The Dockerfile contains instructions on how to create an image for your application.
+
+```Dockerfile
+FROM cloudron/base:0.10.0
+
+ADD server.js /app/code/server.js
+
+CMD [ "/usr/local/node-4.7.3/bin/node", "/app/code/server.js" ]
+```
+
+The `FROM` command specifies that we want to start off with Cloudron's [base image](/references/baseimage.html).
+All Cloudron apps **must** start from this base image. This approach conserves space on the Cloudron since
+Docker images tend to be quite large and also helps us to do a security audit on apps more easily.
+
+The `ADD` command copies the source code of the app into the directory `/app/code`. There is nothing special
+about the `/app/code` directory and it is merely a convention we use to store the application code.
+
+The `CMD` command specifies how to run the server. The base image already contains many different versions of
+node.js. We use Node 4.7.3 here.
+
+This Dockerfile can be built and run locally as:
+```
+docker build -t tutorial .
+docker run -p 8000:8000 -t tutorial
+```
+
+## Manifest
+
+The `CloudronManifest.json` specifies
+
+* Information for installing and running the app on the Cloudron. This includes fields like addons, httpPort, tcpPorts.
+
+* Information about displaying the app on the Cloudron Store. For example, fields like title, author, description.
+
+Create the CloudronManifest.json using `cloudron init` as follows:
+
+```
+$ cloudron init
+id: io.cloudron.tutorial                       # unique id for this app. use reverse domain name convention
+author: John Doe                               # developer or company name of the for user <email>
+title: Tutorial App                            # Cloudron Store title of this app
+description: App that uses node.js             # A string or local file reference like file://DESCRIPTION.md
+tagline: Changing the world one app at a time  # A tag line for this app for the Cloudron Store
+website: https://cloudron.io                   # A link to this app's website
+contactEmail: support@cloudron.io              # Contact email of developer or company
+httPort: 8000                                  # The http port on which this application listens to
+```
+
+The above command creates a CloudronManifest.json:
+
+File ```tutorial/CloudronManifest.json```
+
+```json
+{
+  "id": "io.cloudron.tutorial",
+  "title": "Tutorial App",
+  "author": "John Doe",
+  "description": "file://DESCRIPTION.md",
+  "changelog": "file://CHANGELOG",
+  "tagline": "Changing the world one app at a time",
+  "version": "0.0.1",
+  "healthCheckPath": "/",
+  "httpPort": 8000,
+  "addons": {
+    "localstorage": {}
+  },
+  "manifestVersion": 1,
+  "website": "https://cloudron.io",
+  "contactEmail": "support@cloudron.io",
+  "icon": "",
+  "tags": [
+    "changme"
+  ],
+  "mediaLinks": [ ]
+}
+```
+
+You can read in more detail about each field in the [Manifest reference](/references/manifest.html). The
+`localstorage` addon allows the app to store files in `/app/data`. We will explore addons further further
+down in this tutorial.
+
+Additional files created by `init` are:
+* `DESCRIPTION.md` - A markdown file providing description of the app for the Cloudron Store.
+* `CHANGELOG` - A file containing change information for each version released to the Cloudron Store. This
+  information is shown when the user updates the app.
+
+# Installing
+
+We now have all the necessary files in place to build and deploy the app to the Cloudron.
+
+## Building
+
+Building, pushing and pulling docker images can be very bandwidth and CPU intensive. To alleviate this
+problem, apps are built using the `build service` which uses `cloudron.io` account credentials.
+
+**Warning**: As of this writing, the build service uses the public Docker registry and the images that are built
+can be downloaded by anyone. This means that your source code will be viewable by others.
+
+Initiate a build using ```cloudron build```:
+```
+$ cloudron build
+Building io.cloudron.tutorial@0.0.1
+
+cloudron.io login:
+Email: ramakrishnan.girish@gmail.com         # cloudron.io account
+Password:                                    # Enter password
+Login successful.
+
+Build scheduled with id e7706847-f2e3-4ba2-9638-3f334a9453a5
+Waiting for build to begin, this may take a bit...
+Downloading source
+Building
+Step 1 : FROM cloudron/base:0.10.0
+ ---> be9fc6312b2d
+Step 2 : ADD server.js /app/code/server.js
+ ---> 10513e428d7a
+Removing intermediate container 574573f6ed1c
+Step 3 : CMD /usr/local/node-4.2.1/bin/node /app/code/server.js
+ ---> Running in b541d149b6b9
+ ---> 51aa796ea6e5
+Removing intermediate container b541d149b6b9
+Successfully built 51aa796ea6e5
+Pushing
+The push refers to a repository [docker.io/cloudron/img-062037096d69bbf3ffb5b9316ad89cb9] (len: 1)
+Pushed 51aa796ea6e5
+Pushed 10513e428d7a
+Image already exists be9fc6312b2d
+Image already exists a0261a2a7c75
+Image already exists f9d4f0f1eeed
+Image already exists 2b650158d5d8
+e7706847-f2e3-4ba2-9638-3f334a9453a5: digest: sha256:8241d68b65874496191106ecf2ee8f3df2e05a953cd90ff074a6f8815a49389c size: 26098
+Build succeeded
+Success
+```
+
+## Installing
+
+Now that we have built the image, we can install our latest build on the Cloudron
+using the following command:
+
+```
+$ cloudron install
+Using cloudron craft.selfhost.io
+Using build 76cebfdd-7822-4f3d-af17-b3eb393ae604 from 1 hour ago
+Location: tutorial                         # This is the location into which the application installs
+App is being installed with id: 4dedd3bb-4bae-41ef-9f32-7f938995f85e
+
+ => Waiting to start installation
+ => Registering subdomain .
+ => Verifying manifest .
+ => Downloading image ..............
+ => Creating volume .
+ => Creating container
+ => Setting up collectd profile ................
+ => Waiting for DNS propagation ...
+
+App is installed.
+```
+
+Open the app in your default browser:
+```
+cloudron open
+```
+
+You should see `Hello World`.
+
+# Testing
+
+The application testing cycle involves `cloudron build` and `cloudron install`.
+Note that `cloudron install` updates an existing app in place.
+
+You can view the logs using `cloudron logs`. When the app is running you can follow the logs
+using `cloudron logs -f`.
+
+For example, you can see the console.log output in our server.js with the command below:
+
+```
+$ cloudron logs
+Using cloudron craft.selfhost.io
+16:44:11 [main] Server running at port 8000
+```
+
+It is also possible to run a *shell* and *execute* arbitrary commands in the context of the application
+process by using `cloudron exec`. By default, exec simply drops you into an interactive bash shell with
+which you can inspect the file system and the environment.
+
+```
+$ cloudron exec
+```
+
+You can also execute arbitrary commands:
+```
+$ cloudron exec env # display the env variables that your app is running with
+```
+
+### Debugging
+
+An app can be placed in `debug` mode by passing `--debug` to `cloudron install` or `cloudron configure`.
+Doing so, runs the app in a non-readonly rootfs and unlimited memory. By default, this will also ignore
+the `RUN` command specified in the Dockerfile. The developer can then interactively test the app and
+startup scripts using `cloudron exec`.
+
+This mode can be used to identify the files being modified by your application - often required to
+debug situations where your app does not run on a readonly rootfs. Run your app using `cloudron exec`
+and use `find / -mmin -30` to find file that have been changed or created in the last 30 minutes.
+
+You can turn off debugging mode using `cloudron configure --no-debug`.
+
+# Addons
+
+## Filesystem
+
+The application container created on the Cloudron has a `readonly` file system. Writing to any location
+other than the below will result in an error:
+
+* `/tmp` - Use this location for temporary files. The Cloudron will cleanup any files in this directory
+  periodically.
+
+* `/run` - Use this location for runtime configuration and dynamic data. These files should not be expected
+  to persist across application restarts (for example, after an update or a crash).
+
+* `/app/data` - Use this location to store application data that is to be backed up. To use this location,
+  you must use the [localstorage](/references/addons.html#localstorage) addon. For convenience, the initial CloudronManifest.json generated by
+  `cloudron init` already contains this addon.
+
+## Database
+
+Most web applications require a database of some form. In theory, it is possible to run any
+database you want as part of the application image. This is, however, a waste of server resources
+should every app runs it's own database server.
+
+Cloudron currently provides [mysql](/references/addons.html#mysql), [postgresql](/references/addons.html#postgresql),
+[mongodb](/references/addons.html#mongodb), [redis](/references/addons.html#redis) database addons. When choosing
+these addons, the Cloudron will inject environment variables that contain information on how to connect
+to the addon.
+
+See https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/tutorial-redis for a simple example of how redis can be used by
+an application. The server simply uses the environment variables to connect to redis.
+
+## Email
+
+Cloudron applications can send email using the `sendmail` addon. Using the `sendmail` addon provides
+the SMTP server and authentication credentials in environment variables.
+
+Cloudron applications can also receive mail via IMAP using the `recvmail` addon.
+
+## Authentication
+
+The Cloudron has a centralized panel for managing users and groups. Apps can integrate Single Sign-On
+authentication using LDAP or OAuth.
+
+Apps can integrate with the Cloudron authentication system using LDAP, OAuth or Simple Auth. See the
+[authentication](/references/authentication.html) reference page for more details.
+
+See https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/tutorial-ldap for a simple example of how to authenticate via LDAP.
+
+For apps that are single user can skip Single Sign-On support by setting the `"singleUser": true`
+in the manifest. By doing so, the Cloudron will installer will show a dialog to choose a user.
+
+For app that have no user management at all, the Cloudron implements an `OAuth proxy` that
+optionally lets the Cloudron admin make the app visible only for logged in users.
+
+# Best practices
+
+## No Setup
+
+A Cloudron app is meant to instantly usable after installation. For this reason, Cloudron apps must not
+show any setup screen after installation and should simply choose reasonable defaults.
+
+Databases, email configuration should be automatically picked up from the environment variables using
+addons.
+
+## Docker
+
+Cloudron uses Docker in the backend, so the package build script is a regular `Dockerfile`.
+
+The app is run as a read-only docker container. Only `/run` (dynamic data), `/app/data` (backup data) and `/tmp` (temporary files) are writable at runtime. Because of this:
+
+*   Install any required packages in the Dockerfile.
+*   Create static configuration files in the Dockerfile.
+*   Create symlinks to dynamic configuration files under `/run` in the Dockerfile.
+
+### Source directory
+
+By convention, Cloudron apps install the source code in `/app/code`. Do not forget to create the directory for the code of the app:
+```sh
+RUN mkdir -p /app/code
+WORKDIR /app/code
+```
+
+### Download archives
+
+When packaging an app you often want to download and extract archives (e.g. from github).
+This can be done in one line by combining `wget` and `tar` like this:
+
+```docker
+ENV VERSION 1.6.2
+RUN wget "https://github.com/FreshRSS/FreshRSS/archive/${VERSION}.tar.gz" -O - \
+    | tar -xz -C /app/code --strip-components=1
+```
+
+The `--strip-components=1` causes the topmost directory in the archive to be skipped.
+
+Always pin the download to a specific tag or commit instead of using `HEAD` or `master`
+so that the builds are reasonably reproducible.
+
+### Applying patches
+
+To get the app working in Cloudron, sometimes it is necessary to patch the original sources. Patch is a safe way to modify sources, as it fails when the expected original sources changed too much.
+
+First create a backup copy of the full sources (to be able to calculate the differences):
+
+```sh
+cp -a extensions extensions-orig
+```
+
+Then modify the sources in the original path and when finished, create a patch like this:
+
+```sh
+diff -Naru extensions-orig/ extensions/ > change-ttrss-file-path.patch
+```
+
+Add and apply this patch to the sources in the Dockerfile:
+
+```docker
+ADD change-ttrss-file-path.patch /app/code/change-ttrss-file-path.patch
+RUN patch -p1 -d /app/code/extensions < /app/code/change-ttrss-file-path.patch
+```
+
+The `-p1` causes patch to ignore the topmost directory in the patch.
+
+## Process manager
+
+Docker supports restarting processes natively. Should your application crash, it will be restarted
+automatically. If your application is a single process, you do not require any process manager.
+
+Use supervisor, pm2 or any of the other process managers if you application has more then one component.
+This **excludes** web servers like apache, nginx which can already manage their children by themselves.
+Be sure to pick a process manager that [forwards signals](#sigterm-handling) to child processes.
+
+## Automatic updates
+
+Some apps support automatic updates by overwriting themselves. A Cloudron app cannot overwrite itself
+because of the read-only file system. For this reason, disable auto updates for app and let updates be
+triggered through the Cloudron Store. This ties in better to the Cloudron's update and restore approach
+should something go wrong with the update.
+
+## Logging
+
+Cloudron applications stream their logs to stdout and stderr. In practice, this ideal is hard to achieve.
+Some programs like apache simply don't log to stdout. In those cases, simply log to `/tmp` or `/run`.
+
+Logging to stdout has many advantages:
+* App does not need to rotate logs and the Cloudron takes care of managing logs.
+* App does not need special mechanism to release log file handles (on a log rotate).
+* Integrates better with tooling like cloudron cli.
+
+## Memory
+
+By default, applications get 256MB RAM (including swap). This can be changed using the `memoryLimit`
+field in the manifest.
+
+Design your application runtime for concurrent use by 50 users. The Cloudron is not designed for
+concurrent access by 100s or 1000s of users.
+
+An app can determine it's memory limit by reading `/sys/fs/cgroup/memory/memory.limit_in_bytes`.
+
+## Authentication
+
+Apps should integrate with one of the [authentication strategies](/references/authentication.html).
+This saves the user from having to manage separate set of credentials for each app.
+
+## Start script
+
+Many apps do not launch the server directly, as we did in our basic example. Instead, they execute
+a `start.sh` script (named so by convention) which is used as the app entry point.
+
+At the end of the Dockerfile you should add your start script (`start.sh`) and set it as the default command.
+Ensure that the `start.sh` is executable in the app package repo. This can be done with `chmod +x start.sh`.
+```docker
+ADD start.sh /app/code/start.sh
+CMD [ "/app/code/start.sh" ]
+```
+
+### One-time init
+
+One common pattern is to initialize the data directory with some commands once depending on the existence of a special `.initialized` file.
+
+```sh
+if ! [ -f /app/data/.initialized ]; then
+  echo "Fresh installation, setting up data directory..."
+  # Setup commands here
+  touch /app/data/.initialized
+  echo "Done."
+fi
+```
+
+To copy over some files from the code directory you can use the following command:
+
+```sh
+rsync -a /app/code/config/ /app/data/config/
+```
+
+### chown data files
+
+Since the app containers use other user ids than the host, it is sometimes necessary to change the permissions on the data directory:
+
+```sh
+chown -R cloudron.cloudron /app/data
+```
+
+For Apache+PHP apps you might need to change permissions to `www-data.www-data` instead.
+
+### Persisting random values
+
+Some apps need a random value that is initialized once and does not change afterwards (e.g. a salt for security purposes). This can be accomplished by creating a random value and storing it in a file in the data directory like this:
+
+```sh
+if ! [ -e /app/data/.salt ]; then
+  dd if=/dev/urandom bs=1 count=1024 2>/dev/null | sha1sum | awk '{ print $1 }' > /app/data/.salt
+fi
+SALT=$(cat /app/data/.salt)
+```
+
+### Generate config
+
+Addon information (mail, database) exposed as environment  are subject to change across restarts and an application must use these values directly (i.e not cache them across restarts). For this reason, it usually regenerates any config files with the current database settings on each invocation.
+
+First create a config file template like this:
+```sh
+    ... snipped ...
+    'mysql' => array(
+        'driver'    => 'mysql',
+        'host'      => '##MYSQL_HOST',
+        'port'      => '##MYSQL_PORT',
+        'database'  => '##MYSQL_DATABASE',
+        'username'  => '##MYSQL_USERNAME',
+        'password'  => '##MYSQL_PASSWORD',
+        'charset'   => 'utf8',
+        'collation' => 'utf8_general_ci',
+        'prefix'    => '',
+    ),
+    ... snipped ...
+```
+
+Add the template file to the Dockerfile and create a symlink to the dynamic configuration file as follows:
+
+```docker
+ADD database.php.template /app/code/database.php.template
+RUN ln -s /run/paperwork/database.php /app/code/database.php
+```
+
+Then in `start.sh`, generate the real config file under `/run` from the template like this:
+
+```sh
+sed -e "s/##MYSQL_HOST/${MYSQL_HOST}/" \
+    -e "s/##MYSQL_PORT/${MYSQL_PORT}/" \
+    -e "s/##MYSQL_DATABASE/${MYSQL_DATABASE}/" \
+    -e "s/##MYSQL_USERNAME/${MYSQL_USERNAME}/" \
+    -e "s/##MYSQL_PASSWORD/${MYSQL_PASSWORD}/" \
+    -e "s/##REDIS_HOST/${REDIS_HOST}/" \
+    -e "s/##REDIS_PORT/${REDIS_PORT}/" \
+    /app/code/database.php.template > /run/paperwork/database.php
+```
+
+### Non-root user
+
+The cloudron runs the `start.sh` as root user. This is required for various commands like `chown` to
+work as expected. However, to keep the app and cloudron secure, always run the app with the least
+required permissions.
+
+The `gosu` tool lets you run a binary with a specific user/group as follows:
+
+```sh
+/usr/local/bin/gosu cloudron:cloudron node /app/code/.build/bundle/main.js
+```
+
+### SIGTERM handling
+
+bash, by default, does not automatically forward signals to child processes. This would mean that a SIGTERM sent to the parent processes does not reach the children. For this reason, be sure to `exec` as the
+last line of the start.sh script. Programs like gosu, nginx, apache do proper SIGTERM handling.
+
+For example, start apache using `exec` as below:
+
+```sh
+echo "Starting apache"
+APACHE_CONFDIR="" source /etc/apache2/envvars
+rm -f "${APACHE_PID_FILE}"
+exec /usr/sbin/apache2 -DFOREGROUND
+```
+
+## Popular stacks
+
+### Apache
+
+Apache requires some configuration changes to work properly with Cloudron. The following commands configure Apache in the following way:
+
+* Disable all default sites
+* Print errors into the app's log and disable other logs
+* Limit server processes to `5` (good default value)
+* Change the port number to Cloudrons default `8000`
+
+```docker
+RUN rm /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/* \
+    && sed -e 's,^ErrorLog.*,ErrorLog "/dev/stderr",' -i /etc/apache2/apache2.conf \
+    && sed -e "s,MaxSpareServers[^:].*,MaxSpareServers 5," -i /etc/apache2/mods-available/mpm_prefork.conf \
+    && a2disconf other-vhosts-access-log \
+    && echo "Listen 8000" > /etc/apache2/ports.conf
+```
+
+Afterwards, add your site config to Apache:
+
+```docker
+ADD apache2.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/app.conf
+RUN a2ensite app
+```
+
+In `start.sh` Apache can be started using these commands:
+
+```sh
+echo "Starting apache..."
+APACHE_CONFDIR="" source /etc/apache2/envvars
+rm -f "${APACHE_PID_FILE}"
+exec /usr/sbin/apache2 -DFOREGROUND
+```
+
+### PHP
+
+PHP wants to store session data at `/var/lib/php/sessions` which is read-only in Cloudron. To fix this problem you can move this data to `/run/php/sessions` with these commands:
+
+```docker
+RUN rm -rf /var/lib/php/sessions && ln -s /run/php/sessions /var/lib/php/sessions
+```
+
+Don't forget to create this directory and it's ownership in the `start.sh`:
+
+```sh
+mkdir -p /run/php/sessions
+chown www-data:www-data /run/php/sessions
+```
+
+### Java
+
+Java scales its memory usage dynamically according to the available system memory. Due to how Docker works, Java sees the hosts total memory instead of the memory limit of the app. To restrict Java to the apps memory limit it is necessary to add a special parameter to Java calls.
+
+```sh
+LIMIT=$(($(cat /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/memory.memsw.limit_in_bytes)/2**20))
+export JAVA_OPTS="-XX:MaxRAM=${LIMIT}M"
+java ${JAVA_OPTS} -jar ...
+```
+
+# App Store
+
+## Requirements
+
+The Cloudron Store is a mechanism to share your app with others who use Cloudron. Currently, to ensure that
+apps are maintained, secure and well supported there are some restrictions imposed on apps submitted to
+the Cloudron Store. See [#292](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/box/issues/292) and [#327](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/box/issues/327) for an in-depth discussion.
+
+The following criteria must be met before submitting an app for review:
+
+* You must be willing to relocate your app packaging code to the [Cloudron Git Repo](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/).
+
+* Contributed apps must have browser tests. You can see the various [app repos](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/) to get an idea on how to write these tests. The Cloudron team can help you write the tests.
+
+* For all practical purposes, you are the maintainer of the app and Cloudron team will not commit to the repo
+  directly. Any changes will be submitted as Merge Requests.
+
+* You agree that the Cloudron team can take over the responsibility of progressing the app further if you become unresponsive (48 hours), lose interest, lack time etc. Please send us an email if your priorities change.
+
+* You must sign the [Cloudron CLA](https://cla.cloudron.io/).
+
+As a token of our appreciation, 3rd party app authors can use the Cloudron for personal or business use for free.
+
+## Upload for Testing
+
+Once your app is ready, you can upload it to the store for `beta testing` by
+other Cloudron users. This can be done using:
+
+```
+  cloudron appstore upload
+```
+
+You should now be able to visit `/#/appstore/<appid>?version=<appversion>` on your
+Cloudron to check if the icon, description and other details appear correctly.
+
+Other Cloudron users can install your app on their Cloudron's using
+`cloudron install --appstore-id <appid@version>`.
+
+## Publishing
+
+Once you are satisfied with the beta testing, you can submit it for review.
+
+```
+  cloudron appstore submit
+```
+
+The cloudron.io team will review the app and publish the app to the store.
+
+## Versioning and Updates
+
+To create an update for an app, simply bump up the [semver version](/references/manifest.html#version) field in
+the manifest and publish a new version to the store.
+
+The Cloudron chooses the next app version to update to based on the following algorithm:
+* Choose the maximum `patch` version matching the app's current `major` and `minor` version.
+* Failing the above, choose the maximum patch version of the next minor version matching the app's current `major` version.
+* Failing the above, choose the maximum patch and minor version of the next major version
+
+For example, let's assume the versions 1.1.3, 1.1.4, 1.1.5, 1.2.4, 1.2.6, 1.3.0, 2.0.0 are published.
+
+* If the app is running 1.1.3, then app will directly update to 1.1.5 (skipping 1.1.4)
+* Once in 1.1.5, the app will update to 1.2.6 (skipping 1.2.4)
+* Once in 1.2.6, the app will update to 1.3.0
+* Once in 1.3.0, the app will update to 2.0.0
+
+The Cloudron admins get notified by email for any major or minor app releases.
+
+## Failed updates
+
+The Cloudron always makes a backup of the app before making an update. Should the
+update fail, the user can restore to the backup (which will also restore the app's
+code to the previous version).
+
+# Cloudron Button
+
+The [Cloudron Button](/references/button.html) allows anyone to install your application with the click of a button
+on their Cloudron.
+
+The button can be added to just about any website including the application's website
+and README.md files in GitHub repositories.
+
+# Next steps
+
+Congratulations! You are now well equipped to build web applications for the Cloudron.
+
+You can see some examples of how real apps are packaged here:
+
+  * [Lets Chat](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/letschat-app)
+  * [Haste bin](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/haste-app)
+  * [Pasteboard](https://git.cloudron.io/cloudron/pasteboard-app)

gulpfile.js

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/* jslint node:true */
+
+'use strict';
+
+var argv = require('yargs').argv,
+    autoprefixer = require('gulp-autoprefixer'),
+    concat = require('gulp-concat'),
+    cssnano = require('gulp-cssnano'),
+    del = require('del'),
+    ejs = require('gulp-ejs'),
+    gulp = require('gulp'),
+    sass = require('gulp-sass'),
+    serve = require('gulp-serve'),
+    sourcemaps = require('gulp-sourcemaps'),
+    uglify = require('gulp-uglify'),
+    url = require('url');
+
+gulp.task('3rdparty', function () {
+    gulp.src([
+        'webadmin/src/3rdparty/**/*.js',
+        'webadmin/src/3rdparty/**/*.map',
+        'webadmin/src/3rdparty/**/*.css',
+        'webadmin/src/3rdparty/**/*.otf',
+        'webadmin/src/3rdparty/**/*.eot',
+        'webadmin/src/3rdparty/**/*.svg',
+        'webadmin/src/3rdparty/**/*.gif',
+        'webadmin/src/3rdparty/**/*.ttf',
+        'webadmin/src/3rdparty/**/*.woff',
+        'webadmin/src/3rdparty/**/*.woff2'
+        ])
+        .pipe(gulp.dest('webadmin/dist/3rdparty/'))
+        .pipe(gulp.dest('setup/splash/website/3rdparty'));
+
+    gulp.src('node_modules/bootstrap-sass/assets/javascripts/bootstrap.min.js')
+        .pipe(gulp.dest('webadmin/dist/3rdparty/js'))
+        .pipe(gulp.dest('setup/splash/website/3rdparty/js'));
+});
+
+
+// --------------
+// JavaScript
+// --------------
+
+if (argv.help || argv.h) {
+    console.log('Supported arguments for "gulp develop":');
+    console.log(' --client-id <clientId>');
+    console.log(' --client-secret <clientSecret>');
+    console.log(' --api-origin <cloudron api uri>');
+
+    process.exit(1);
+}
+
+gulp.task('js', ['js-index', 'js-setup', 'js-setupdns', 'js-update'], function () {});
+
+var oauth = {
+    clientId: argv.clientId || 'cid-webadmin',
+    clientSecret: argv.clientSecret || 'unused',
+    apiOrigin: argv.apiOrigin || '',
+    apiOriginHostname: argv.apiOrigin ? url.parse(argv.apiOrigin).hostname : ''
+};
+
+console.log();
+console.log('Using OAuth credentials:');
+console.log(' ClientId:      %s', oauth.clientId);
+console.log(' ClientSecret:  %s', oauth.clientSecret);
+console.log(' Cloudron API:  %s', oauth.apiOrigin || 'default');
+console.log(' Cloudron Host: %s', oauth.apiOriginHostname);
+console.log();
+
+
+gulp.task('js-index', function () {
+    // needs special treatment for error handling
+    var uglifyer = uglify();
+    uglifyer.on('error', function (error) {
+        console.error(error);
+    });
+
+    gulp.src([
+        'webadmin/src/js/index.js',
+        'webadmin/src/js/client.js',
+        'webadmin/src/js/appstore.js',
+        'webadmin/src/js/main.js',
+        'webadmin/src/views/*.js'
+        ])
+        .pipe(ejs({ oauth: oauth }, { ext: '.js' }))
+        .pipe(sourcemaps.init())
+        .pipe(concat('index.js', { newLine: ';' }))
+        .pipe(uglifyer)
+        .pipe(sourcemaps.write())
+        .pipe(gulp.dest('webadmin/dist/js'));
+});
+
+gulp.task('js-setup', function () {
+    // needs special treatment for error handling
+    var uglifyer = uglify();
+    uglifyer.on('error', function (error) {
+        console.error(error);
+    });
+
+    gulp.src(['webadmin/src/js/setup.js', 'webadmin/src/js/client.js'])
+        .pipe(ejs({ oauth: oauth }, { ext: '.js' }))
+        .pipe(sourcemaps.init())
+        .pipe(concat('setup.js', { newLine: ';' }))
+        .pipe(uglifyer)
+        .pipe(sourcemaps.write())
+        .pipe(gulp.dest('webadmin/dist/js'));
+});
+
+gulp.task('js-setupdns', function () {
+    // needs special treatment for error handling
+    var uglifyer = uglify();
+    uglifyer.on('error', function (error) {
+        console.error(error);
+    });
+
+    gulp.src(['webadmin/src/js/setupdns.js', 'webadmin/src/js/client.js'])
+        .pipe(ejs({ oauth: oauth }, { ext: '.js' }))
+        .pipe(sourcemaps.init())
+        .pipe(concat('setupdns.js', { newLine: ';' }))
+        .pipe(uglifyer)
+        .pipe(sourcemaps.write())
+        .pipe(gulp.dest('webadmin/dist/js'));
+});
+
+gulp.task('js-update', function () {
+    // needs special treatment for error handling
+    var uglifyer = uglify();
+    uglifyer.on('error', function (error) {
+        console.error(error);
+    });
+
+    gulp.src(['webadmin/src/js/update.js'])
+        .pipe(sourcemaps.init())
+        .pipe(uglifyer)
+        .pipe(sourcemaps.write())
+        .pipe(gulp.dest('webadmin/dist/js'))
+        .pipe(gulp.dest('setup/splash/website/js'));
+});
+
+
+// --------------
+// HTML
+// --------------
+
+gulp.task('html', ['html-views', 'html-update', 'html-templates'], function () {
+    return gulp.src('webadmin/src/*.html').pipe(ejs({ apiOriginHostname: oauth.apiOriginHostname }, { ext: '.html' })).pipe(gulp.dest('webadmin/dist'));
+});
+
+gulp.task('html-update', function () {
+    return gulp.src(['webadmin/src/update.html']).pipe(gulp.dest('setup/splash/website'));
+});
+
+gulp.task('html-views', function () {
+    return gulp.src('webadmin/src/views/**/*.html').pipe(gulp.dest('webadmin/dist/views'));
+});
+
+gulp.task('html-templates', function () {
+    return gulp.src('webadmin/src/templates/**/*.html').pipe(gulp.dest('webadmin/dist/templates'));
+});
+
+// --------------
+// CSS
+// --------------
+
+gulp.task('css', function () {
+    return gulp.src('webadmin/src/*.scss')
+        .pipe(sourcemaps.init())
+        .pipe(sass({ includePaths: ['node_modules/bootstrap-sass/assets/stylesheets/'] }).on('error', sass.logError))
+        .pipe(autoprefixer())
+        .pipe(cssnano())
+        .pipe(sourcemaps.write())
+        .pipe(gulp.dest('webadmin/dist'))
+        .pipe(gulp.dest('setup/splash/website'));
+});
+
+gulp.task('images', function () {
+    return gulp.src('webadmin/src/img/**')
+        .pipe(gulp.dest('webadmin/dist/img'));
+});
+
+// --------------
+// Utilities
+// --------------
+
+gulp.task('watch', ['default'], function () {
+    gulp.watch(['webadmin/src/*.scss'], ['css']);
+    gulp.watch(['webadmin/src/img/*'], ['images']);
+    gulp.watch(['webadmin/src/**/*.html'], ['html']);
+    gulp.watch(['webadmin/src/views/*.html'], ['html-views']);
+    gulp.watch(['webadmin/src/templates/*.html'], ['html-templates']);
+    gulp.watch(['webadmin/src/js/update.js'], ['js-update']);
+    gulp.watch(['webadmin/src/js/setup.js', 'webadmin/src/js/client.js'], ['js-setup']);
+    gulp.watch(['webadmin/src/js/setupdns.js', 'webadmin/src/js/client.js'], ['js-setupdns']);
+    gulp.watch(['webadmin/src/js/index.js', 'webadmin/src/js/client.js', 'webadmin/src/js/appstore.js', 'webadmin/src/js/main.js', 'webadmin/src/views/*.js'], ['js-index']);
+    gulp.watch(['webadmin/src/3rdparty/**/*'], ['3rdparty']);
+});
+
+gulp.task('clean', function () {
+    del.sync(['webadmin/dist', 'setup/splash/website']);
+});
+
+gulp.task('default', ['clean', 'html', 'js', '3rdparty', 'images', 'css'], function () {});
+
+gulp.task('develop', ['watch'], serve({ root: 'webadmin/dist', port: 4000 }));

helper/tarjs

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+
+'use strict';
+
+var tar = require('tar-fs'),
+    fs = require('fs'),
+    path = require('path'),
+    zlib = require('zlib');
+
+if (process.argv.length < 4) {
+    console.error('Usage: tarjs <cwd> <dir>');
+    process.exit(1);
+}
+
+var dir = process.argv[3];
+var cwd = process.argv[2];
+
+console.error('Packing directory "'+ dir +'" from within "' + cwd + '" and stream to stdout');
+
+process.chdir(cwd);
+
+var stat = fs.statSync(dir);
+if (!stat.isDirectory()) throw(dir + ' is not a directory');
+
+var gzipStream = zlib.createGzip({});
+
+tar.pack(path.resolve(dir), {
+    ignore: function (name) {
+        if (name === '.') return true;
+        return false;
+    }
+}).pipe(gzipStream).pipe(process.stdout);

migrations/20160208031241-groups-add-table.js

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 'use strict';
 
 exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    var cmd = "CREATE TABLE userGroups(" +
+    var cmd = "CREATE TABLE groups(" +
                 "id VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL UNIQUE," +
                 "name VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL UNIQUE," +
                 "PRIMARY KEY(id))";
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ exports.up = function(db, callback) {
 };
 
 exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('DROP TABLE userGroups', function (error) {
+    db.runSql('DROP TABLE groups', function (error) {
         if (error) console.error(error);
         callback(error);
     });

migrations/20160208100000-groupMembers-add-table.js

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ exports.up = function(db, callback) {
 	var cmd = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS groupMembers(" +
     			"groupId VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL," +
     			"userId VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL," +
-    			"FOREIGN KEY(groupId) REFERENCES userGroups(id)," +
+    			"FOREIGN KEY(groupId) REFERENCES groups(id)," +
     			"FOREIGN KEY(userId) REFERENCES users(id));";
 
     db.runSql(cmd, function (error) {

migrations/20160208164735-groups-add-admin.js

@@ -2,16 +2,18 @@
 
 var async = require('async');
 
-var ADMIN_GROUP_ID = 'admin'; // see constants.js
+var ADMIN_GROUP_ID = 'admin'; // see groups.js
 
 exports.up = function(db, callback) {
 	async.series([
 		db.runSql.bind(db, 'START TRANSACTION;'),
-		db.runSql.bind(db, 'INSERT INTO userGroups (id, name) VALUES (?, ?)', [ ADMIN_GROUP_ID, 'admin' ]),
+		db.runSql.bind(db, 'INSERT INTO groups (id, name) VALUES (?, ?)', [ ADMIN_GROUP_ID, 'admin' ]),
 		function migrateAdminFlag(done) {
 			db.all('SELECT * FROM users WHERE admin=1', function (error, results) {
 				if (error) return done(error);
 
+				console.dir(results);
+
 				async.eachSeries(results, function (r, next) {
 					db.runSql('INSERT INTO groupMembers (groupId, userId) VALUES (?, ?)', [ ADMIN_GROUP_ID, r.id ], next);
 				}, done);

migrations/20160430062446-eventlog-add-table.js

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
 exports.up = function(db, callback) {
     var cmd = "CREATE TABLE eventlog(" +
             "id VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL," +
-            "source TEXT," +
+            "source JSON," +
             "creationTime TIMESTAMP," +
             "action VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL," +
-            "data TEXT," +
+            "data JSON," +
             "PRIMARY KEY (id))";
 
     db.runSql(cmd, function (error) {

migrations/20160921205726-mailboxes-add-ownerId.js

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ exports.up = function(db, callback) {
         function addGroupMailboxes(done) {
             console.log('Importing group mailboxes');
 
-            db.all('SELECT id, name FROM userGroups', function (error, results) {
+            db.all('SELECT id, name FROM groups', function (error, results) {
                 if (error) return done(error);
 
                 async.eachSeries(results, function (g, next) {

migrations/20170628173051-settings-default-mailrelay.js

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('INSERT settings (name, value) VALUES("mail_relay", ?)', [ JSON.stringify({ provider: 'cloudron-smtp' }) ], callback);
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('DELETE * FROM settings WHERE name="mail_relay"', [ ], callback);
-};

migrations/20170714170908-appdb-add-robotsTxt.js

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps ADD COLUMN robotsTxt TEXT', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps DROP COLUMN robotsTxt', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20170731073447-eventlog-alter-data-and-source.js

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-// we used to have JSON as the db type for those two, however mariadb does not support it
-// and we never used any JSON related features, but have the TEXT pattern everywhere
-// This ensures all old cloudrons will have the columns altered
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE eventlog MODIFY data TEXT', [], function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-
-        db.runSql('ALTER TABLE eventlog MODIFY source TEXT', [], function (error) {
-            if (error) console.error(error);
-
-            callback(error);
-        });
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE eventlog MODIFY data TEXT', [], function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-
-        db.runSql('ALTER TABLE eventlog MODIFY source TEXT', [], function (error) {
-            if (error) console.error(error);
-
-            callback(error);
-        });
-    });
-};

migrations/20170816211111-appdb-add-enableBackup.js.js

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps ADD COLUMN enableBackup BOOLEAN DEFAULT 1', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps DROP COLUMN enableBackup', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-

migrations/20170911133441-settings-alter-value.js

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE settings MODIFY value TEXT', [], function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE settings MODIFY value VARCHAR(512)', [], function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20170919185109-settings-set-backupConfig-defaults.js

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-// ensure backupFolder and format are not empty
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.all('SELECT * FROM settings WHERE name=?', [ 'backup_config' ], function (error, result) {
-        if (error || result.length === 0) return callback(error);
-
-        var value = JSON.parse(result[0].value);
-        value.format = 'tgz'; // set the format
-
-        if (value.provider === 'filesystem' && !value.backupFolder) {
-            value.backupFolder = '/var/backups'; // set the backupFolder
-        }
-
-        db.runSql('UPDATE settings SET value = ? WHERE name = ?', [ JSON.stringify(value), 'backup_config' ], function (error) {
-            if (error) console.error('Error setting ownerid ' + JSON.stringify(u) + error);
-            callback();
-        });
-
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    callback();
-};

migrations/20170928003352-backups-add-format.js

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE backups ADD COLUMN format VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT "tgz"', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE backups DROP COLUMN format', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20171013003424-apps-add-newConfigJson.js

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps ADD COLUMN newConfigJson TEXT', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps DROP COLUMN newConfigJson', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20171116191443-backups-add-manifestJson.js

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-var async = require('async');
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    async.series([
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE backups ADD COLUMN manifestJson TEXT'),
-
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'START TRANSACTION;'),
-
-        // fill all the backups with restoreConfigs from current apps
-        function addManifests(callback) {
-            console.log('Importing manifests');
-
-            db.all('SELECT * FROM backups WHERE type="app"', function (error, backups) {
-                if (error) return callback(error);
-
-                async.eachSeries(backups, function (backup, next) {
-                    var m = backup.restoreConfigJson ? JSON.parse(backup.restoreConfigJson) : null;
-                    if (m) m = JSON.stringify(m.manifest);
-
-                    db.runSql('UPDATE backups SET manifestJson=? WHERE id=?', [ m, backup.id ], next);
-                }, callback);
-            });
-        },
-
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'COMMIT'),
-
-        // remove the restoreConfig
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE backups DROP COLUMN restoreConfigJson')
-    ], callback);
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    async.series([
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE backups DROP COLUMN manifestJson'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE backups ADD COLUMN restoreConfigJson TEXT'),
-    ], callback);
-};
-

migrations/20171116203507-apps-rename-newConfigJson-to-updateConfigJson.js

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps CHANGE newConfigJson updateConfigJson TEXT', [], function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps CHANGE updateConfigJson newConfigJson TEXT', [], function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20171116224051-apps-rename-lastBackupId-to-restoreConfigJson.js

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps CHANGE lastBackupId restoreConfigJson TEXT', [], function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps CHANGE restoreConfigJson lastBackupId TEXT', [], function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20171118000000-ensure-collation-utf8_bin.js

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-// WARNING!!
-// At this point the default db collation is utf8mb4_unicode_ci however we already have foreign key constraits
-// already with tables on utf8_bin charset, so we cannot convert all tables here to utf8mb4 collation without
-// a reimport from a sql dump, as foreign keys across different collations are not supported
-
-var async = require('async');
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    async.series([
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE appPortBindings CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE apps CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE authcodes CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE backups CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE clients CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE eventlog CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE groupMembers CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE userGroups CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE mailboxes CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE migrations CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE settings CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE tokens CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE users CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin')
-    ], callback);
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    // nothing to be done here
-    callback();
-};

migrations/20171118000001-apps-add-domain.js

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-var async = require('async'),
-    safe = require('safetydance');
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    // first check precondtion of domain entry in settings
-    db.all('SELECT * FROM settings WHERE name = ?', [ 'domain' ], function (error, result) {
-        if (error) return callback(error);
-
-        var domain = {};
-        if (result[0]) domain = safe.JSON.parse(result[0].value) || {};
-
-        async.series([
-            db.runSql.bind(db, 'START TRANSACTION;'),
-            function addAppsDomainColumn(done) {
-                db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps ADD COLUMN domain VARCHAR(128)', [], done);
-            },
-            function setAppDomain(done) {
-                if (!domain.fqdn) return done(); // skip for new cloudrons without a domain
-                db.runSql('UPDATE apps SET domain = ?', [ domain.fqdn ], done);
-            },
-            function addAppsLocationDomainUniqueConstraint(done) {
-                db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps ADD UNIQUE location_domain_unique_index (location, domain)', [], done);
-            },
-            function removePresetupAdminGroupIfNew(done) {
-                // do not delete on update, will update the record in setMailboxesDomain()
-                if (domain.fqdn) return done();
-
-                // this will be finally created once we have a domain when we create the owner in user.js
-                const ADMIN_GROUP_ID = 'admin'; // see constants.js
-                db.runSql('DELETE FROM userGroups WHERE id = ?', [ ADMIN_GROUP_ID ], function (error) {
-                    if (error) return done(error);
-
-                    db.runSql('DELETE FROM mailboxes WHERE ownerId = ?', [ ADMIN_GROUP_ID ], done);
-                });
-            },
-            function addMailboxesDomainColumn(done) {
-                db.runSql('ALTER TABLE mailboxes ADD COLUMN domain VARCHAR(128)', [], done);
-            },
-            function setMailboxesDomain(done) {
-                if (!domain.fqdn) return done(); // skip for new cloudrons without a domain
-                db.runSql('UPDATE mailboxes SET domain = ?', [ domain.fqdn ], done);
-            },
-            function dropAppsLocationUniqueConstraint(done) {
-                db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps DROP INDEX location', [], done);
-            },
-            db.runSql.bind(db, 'COMMIT')
-        ], callback);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    async.series([
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'START TRANSACTION;'),
-        function dropMailboxesDomainColumn(done) {
-            db.runSql('ALTER TABLE mailboxes DROP COLUMN domain', [], done);
-        },
-        function dropLocationDomainUniqueConstraint(done) {
-            db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps DROP INDEX location_domain_unique_index', [], done);
-        },
-        function dropAppsDomainColumn(done) {
-            db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps DROP COLUMN domain', [], done);
-        },
-        function addAppsLocationUniqueConstraint(done) {
-            db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps ADD UNIQUE location (location)', [], done);
-        },
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'COMMIT')
-    ], callback);
-};

migrations/20171118000002-domains-add-table.js

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-var async = require('async'),
-    safe = require('safetydance'),
-    tld = require('tldjs');
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    var fqdn, zoneName, configJson;
-
-    async.series([
-        function gatherDomain(done) {
-            db.all('SELECT * FROM settings WHERE name = ?', [ 'domain' ], function (error, result) {
-                if (error) return done(error);
-
-                var domain = {};
-                if (result[0]) domain = safe.JSON.parse(result[0].value) || {};
-
-                fqdn = domain.fqdn || ''; // will be null pre-setup
-                zoneName = domain.zoneName || tld.getDomain(fqdn) || fqdn;
-
-                done();
-            });
-        },
-        function gatherDNSConfig(done) {
-            db.all('SELECT * FROM settings WHERE name = ?', [ 'dns_config' ], function (error, result) {
-                if (error) return done(error);
-
-                configJson = (result[0] && result[0].value) ? result[0].value : JSON.stringify({ provider: 'manual'});
-
-                // caas dns config needs an fqdn
-                var config = JSON.parse(configJson);
-                if (config.provider === 'caas') config.fqdn = fqdn;
-                configJson = JSON.stringify(config);
-
-                done();
-            });
-        },
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'START TRANSACTION;'),
-        function createDomainsTable(done) {
-            var cmd = `
-                CREATE TABLE domains(
-                domain VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
-                zoneName VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
-                configJson TEXT,
-                PRIMARY KEY (domain)) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin
-            `;
-
-            db.runSql(cmd, [], done);
-        },
-        function addInitialDomain(done) {
-            if (!fqdn) return done();
-
-            db.runSql('INSERT INTO domains (domain, zoneName, configJson) VALUES (?, ?, ?)', [ fqdn, zoneName, configJson ], done);
-        },
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'COMMIT')
-    ], callback);
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('DROP TABLE domains', callback);
-};

migrations/20171118000003-apps-add-domain-constraint.js

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps ADD CONSTRAINT apps_domain_constraint FOREIGN KEY(domain) REFERENCES domains(domain)', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps DROP FOREIGN KEY apps_domain_constraint', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20171118000004-mailboxes-add-domain-constraint.js

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE mailboxes ADD CONSTRAINT mailboxes_domain_constraint FOREIGN KEY(domain) REFERENCES domains(domain)', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE mailboxes DROP FOREIGN KEY mailboxes_domain_constraint', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20171118000005-mailboxes-drop-name-constraint.js

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE mailboxes DROP PRIMARY KEY', function (error) {
-      if (error) console.error(error);
-      callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE mailboxes ADD PRIMARY KEY(name)', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20171118000006-mailboxes-add-name-domain-constraint.js

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE mailboxes ADD UNIQUE mailboxes_name_domain_unique_index (name, domain)', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE mailboxes DROP INDEX mailboxes_name_domain_unique_index', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20171119203452-apps-add-updateTime.js

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps ADD COLUMN updateTime TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps DROP COLUMN updateTime', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20171119204952-apps-rename-createdAt-to-creationTime.js

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps CHANGE createdAt creationTime TIMESTAMP(2) NOT NULL', [], function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps CHANGE creationTime createdAt TIMESTAMP(2) NOT NULL', [], function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20171129005712-settings-add-fqdn-to-caas-backup-config.js

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-var async = require('async');
-
-// NOTE: This migration is incorrect because 'caas' domain is not guaranteed to be present in all Caas cloudrons
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.all('SELECT * FROM domains', function (error, domains) {
-        if (error) return callback(error);
-
-        var caasDomains = domains.filter(function (d) { return JSON.parse(d.configJson).provider === 'caas'; });
-        if (caasDomains.length === 0) return callback();
-        var caasDomain = caasDomains[0].domain;
-
-        db.all('SELECT * FROM settings WHERE name=?', [ 'backup_config' ], function (error, settings) {
-            if (error) return callback(error);
-
-            var setting = settings[0];
-            var config = JSON.parse(setting.value);
-            config.fqdn = caasDomain;
-
-            db.runSql('UPDATE settings SET value=? WHERE name=?', [ JSON.stringify(config), setting.name ], callback);
-        });
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    callback();
-};

migrations/20171205124434-settings-default-backupConfig.js

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    var backupConfig = {
-        "provider": "filesystem",
-        "backupFolder": "/var/backups",
-        "format": "tgz",
-        "retentionSecs": 172800
-    };
-
-    db.runSql('INSERT settings (name, value) VALUES(?, ?)', [ 'backup_config', JSON.stringify(backupConfig) ], function (error) {
-        if (!error || error.code === 'ER_DUP_ENTRY') return callback(); // dup entry is OK for existing cloudrons
-
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('DELETE FROM settings WHERE name=?', ['backup_config'], function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20180109225024-domains-add-provider.js

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-var async = require('async');
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    // first check precondtion of domain entry in settings
-    db.all('SELECT * FROM domains', [ ], function (error, domains) {
-        if (error) return callback(error);
-
-        async.series([
-            db.runSql.bind(db, 'START TRANSACTION;'),
-            db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE domains ADD COLUMN provider VARCHAR(16) DEFAULT ""'),
-            function setProvider(done) {
-                async.eachSeries(domains, function (domain, iteratorCallback) {
-                    var config = JSON.parse(domain.configJson);
-                    var provider = config.provider;
-                    delete config.provider;
-
-                    db.runSql('UPDATE domains SET provider = ?, configJson = ? WHERE domain = ?', [ provider, JSON.stringify(config), domain.domain ], iteratorCallback);
-                }, done);
-            },
-            db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE domains MODIFY provider VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL'),
-            db.runSql.bind(db, 'COMMIT')
-        ], callback);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE domains DROP COLUMN provider', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20180121061357-mail-create-table.js

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    var cmd = 'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS mail(' +
-                'domain VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL UNIQUE,' +
-                'enabled BOOLEAN DEFAULT 0,' +
-                'mailFromValidation BOOLEAN DEFAULT 1,' +
-                'catchAllJson TEXT,' +
-                'relayJson TEXT,' +
-                'FOREIGN KEY(domain) REFERENCES domains(domain),' +
-                'PRIMARY KEY(domain)) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin';
-
-    db.runSql(cmd, function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('DROP TABLE mail', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20180121062945-mail-migrate-settings.js

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.all('SELECT * FROM domains', function (error, domains) {
-        if (error) return callback(error);
-        if (domains.length === 0) return callback();
-
-        db.all('SELECT * FROM settings', function (error, allSettings) {
-            if (error) return callback(error);
-
-            // defaults
-            var mailFromValidation = true;
-            var catchAll = [ ];
-            var relay = { provider: 'cloudron-smtp' };
-            var mailEnabled = false;
-
-            allSettings.forEach(function (setting) {
-                switch (setting.name) {
-                case 'mail_from_validation': mailFromValidation = !!setting.value; break;
-                case 'catch_all_address': catchAll = JSON.parse(setting.value); break;
-                case 'mail_relay': relay = JSON.parse(setting.value); break;
-                case 'mail_config': mailEnabled = JSON.parse(setting.value).enabled; break;
-                }
-            });
-
-            db.runSql('INSERT INTO mail (domain, enabled, mailFromValidation, catchAllJson, relayJson) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)',
-                [ domains[0].domain, mailEnabled, mailFromValidation, JSON.stringify(catchAll), JSON.stringify(relay) ], callback);
-        });
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    callback();
-};

migrations/20180121124206-users-add-fallbackEmail.js

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-var async = require('async');
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.all('SELECT * FROM users', [ ], function (error, users) {
-        if (error) return callback(error);
-
-        db.all('SELECT * FROM mail WHERE enabled=1', [ ], function (error, mailDomains) {
-            if (error) return callback(error);
-
-            async.series([
-                db.runSql.bind(db, 'START TRANSACTION;'),
-                db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE users DROP INDEX users_email'),
-                db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN fallbackEmail VARCHAR(512) DEFAULT ""'),
-                function setDefaults(done) {
-                    async.eachSeries(users, function (user, iteratorCallback) {
-                        var defaultEmail = '';
-                        var fallbackEmail = '';
-
-                        if (mailDomains.length === 0) {
-                            defaultEmail = user.email;
-                            fallbackEmail = user.email;
-                        } else {
-                            defaultEmail = user.username ? (user.username + '@' + mailDomains[0].domain) : user.email;
-                            fallbackEmail = user.email;
-                        }
-
-                        db.runSql('UPDATE users SET email = ?, fallbackEmail = ? WHERE id = ?', [ defaultEmail, fallbackEmail, user.id ], iteratorCallback);
-                    }, done);
-                },
-                db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE users ADD UNIQUE users_email (email)'),
-                db.runSql.bind(db, 'COMMIT')
-            ], callback);
-        });
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN fallbackEmail', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20180131152200-domains-add-tlsConfigJson.js

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-var async = require('async');
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.all('SELECT * FROM settings WHERE name = ?', [ 'tls_config' ], function (error, result) {
-        if (error) return callback(error);
-
-        var tlsConfig = (result[0] && result[0].value) ? JSON.parse(result[0].value) : { provider: 'letsencrypt-prod'};
-        tlsConfig.provider = tlsConfig.provider.replace(/$le\-/, 'letsencrypt-'); // old cloudrons had le-prod/le-staging
-
-        async.series([
-            db.runSql.bind(db, 'START TRANSACTION;'),
-            db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE domains ADD COLUMN tlsConfigJson TEXT'),
-            db.runSql.bind(db, 'UPDATE domains SET tlsConfigJson = ?', [ JSON.stringify(tlsConfig) ]),
-            db.runSql.bind(db, 'COMMIT')
-        ], callback);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE domains DROP COLUMN tlsConfigJson', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20180202184625-download-caas-appstore-configs.js

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-var async = require('async'),
-    fs = require('fs'),
-    superagent = require('superagent');
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    if (!fs.existsSync('/home/yellowtent/configs/cloudron.conf')) {
-        console.log('Unable to locate cloudron.conf');
-        return callback();
-    }
-
-    var config = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync('/home/yellowtent/configs/cloudron.conf', 'utf8'));
-
-    if (config.provider !== 'caas' || !config.fqdn) {
-        console.log('Not caas (%s) or no fqdn', config.provider, config.fqdn);
-        return callback();
-    }
-
-    db.runSql('SELECT COUNT(*) AS total FROM users', function (error, result) {
-        if (error) return callback(error);
-
-        if (result[0].total === 0) {
-            console.log('This cloudron is not activated. It will automatically get appstore and caas configs from autoprovision logic');
-            return callback();
-        }
-
-        console.log('Downloading appstore and caas config');
-
-        superagent.get(config.apiServerOrigin + `/api/v1/boxes/${config.fqdn}/config`)
-            .query({ token: config.token })
-            .timeout(30 * 1000).end(function (error, result) {
-                if (error) return callback(error);
-
-                console.log('Adding %j config', result.body);
-
-                async.series([
-                    db.runSql.bind(db, 'INSERT settings (name, value) VALUES(?, ?)', [ 'appstore_config', JSON.stringify(result.body.appstoreConfig) ]),
-                    db.runSql.bind(db, 'INSERT settings (name, value) VALUES(?, ?)', [ 'caas_config', JSON.stringify(result.body.caasConfig) ])
-                ], callback);
-            });
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    callback();
-};

migrations/20180207000000-split-autoupdate-pattern-setting.js

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-var async = require('async');
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('SELECT * FROM settings WHERE name=?', ['autoupdate_pattern'], function (error, results) {
-        if (error || results.length === 0) return callback(error); // will use defaults from box code
-
-        // migrate the 'daily' update pattern
-        var appUpdatePattern = results[0].value;
-        if (appUpdatePattern === '00 00 1,3,5,23 * * *') appUpdatePattern = '00 30 1,3,5,23 * * *';
-
-        async.series([
-            db.runSql.bind(db, 'START TRANSACTION;'),
-            db.runSql.bind(db, 'DELETE FROM settings WHERE name=?', ['autoupdate_pattern']),
-            db.runSql.bind(db, 'INSERT settings (name, value) VALUES(?, ?)', ['app_autoupdate_pattern', appUpdatePattern]),
-            db.runSql.bind(db, 'COMMIT')
-        ], callback);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    callback();
-};

migrations/20180207000001-migrate-altDomain-to-manual-domain.js

@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-var async = require('async'),
-    crypto = require('crypto'),
-    fs = require('fs'),
-    os = require('os'),
-    path = require('path'),
-    safe = require('safetydance'),
-    tldjs = require('tldjs');
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.all('SELECT * FROM apps', function (error, apps) {
-        if (error) return callback(error);
-
-        async.eachSeries(apps, function (app, callback) {
-            if (!app.altDomain) {
-                console.log('App %s does not use altDomain, skip', app.id);
-                return callback();
-            }
-
-            const domain = tldjs.getDomain(app.altDomain);
-            const subdomain = tldjs.getSubdomain(app.altDomain);
-            const mailboxName = (subdomain ? subdomain : JSON.parse(app.manifestJson).title.toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/g, '')) + '.app';
-
-            console.log('App %s is on domain %s and subdomain %s with mailbox', app.id, domain, subdomain, mailboxName);
-
-            async.series([
-                // Add domain if not exists
-                function (callback) {
-                    const query = 'INSERT INTO domains (domain, zoneName, provider, configJson, tlsConfigJson) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)';
-                    const args = [ domain, domain, 'manual', JSON.stringify({}), JSON.stringify({ provider: 'letsencrypt-prod' }) ];
-
-                    db.runSql(query, args, function (error) {
-                        if (error && error.code !== 'ER_DUP_ENTRY') return callback(error);
-
-                        console.log('Added domain %s', domain);
-
-                        // ensure we have a fallback cert for the newly added domain. This is the same as in reverseproxy.js
-                        // WARNING this will only work on the cloudron itself not during local testing!
-                        const certFilePath = `/home/yellowtent/boxdata/certs/${domain}.host.cert`;
-                        const keyFilePath = `/home/yellowtent/boxdata/certs/${domain}.host.key`;
-
-                        if (!fs.existsSync(certFilePath) || !fs.existsSync(keyFilePath)) { // generate it
-                            let opensslConf = safe.fs.readFileSync('/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf', 'utf8');
-                            let opensslConfWithSan = `${opensslConf}\n[SAN]\nsubjectAltName=DNS:${domain}\n`;
-                            let configFile = path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'openssl-' + crypto.randomBytes(4).readUInt32LE(0) + '.conf');
-                            let certCommand = `openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout ${keyFilePath} -out ${certFilePath} -days 3650 -subj /CN=*.${domain} -extensions SAN -config ${configFile} -nodes`;
-
-                            safe.fs.writeFileSync(configFile, opensslConfWithSan, 'utf8');
-                            if (!safe.child_process.execSync(certCommand)) return callback(safe.error.message);
-                            safe.fs.unlinkSync(configFile);
-                        }
-
-                        callback();
-                    });
-                },
-                // Add domain to mail table if not exists
-                function (callback) {
-                    const query = 'INSERT INTO mail (domain, enabled, mailFromValidation, catchAllJson, relayJson) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)';
-                    const args = [ domain, 0, 1, '[]', JSON.stringify({ provider: 'cloudron-smtp' }) ];
-
-                    db.runSql(query, args, function (error) {
-                        if (error && error.code !== 'ER_DUP_ENTRY') return callback(error);
-
-                        console.log('Added domain %s to mail table', domain);
-
-                        callback();
-                    });
-                },
-                // Remove old mailbox record if any
-                function (callback) {
-                    const query = 'DELETE FROM mailboxes WHERE ownerId=?';
-                    const args = [ app.id ];
-
-                    db.runSql(query, args, function (error) {
-                        if (error) return callback(error);
-
-                        console.log('Cleaned up mailbox record for app %s', app.id);
-
-                        callback();
-                    });
-                },
-                // Add new mailbox record
-                function (callback) {
-                    const query = 'INSERT INTO mailboxes (name, domain, ownerId, ownerType) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)';
-                    const args = [ mailboxName, domain, app.id, 'app' /* mailboxdb.TYPE_APP */ ];
-
-                    db.runSql(query, args, function (error) {
-                        if (error) return callback(error);
-
-                        console.log('Added mailbox record for app %s', app.id);
-
-                        callback();
-                    });
-                },
-                // Update app record
-                function (callback) {
-                    const query = 'UPDATE apps SET location=?, domain=?, altDomain=? WHERE id=?';
-                    const args = [ subdomain, domain, '', app.id ];
-
-                    db.runSql(query, args, function (error) {
-                        if (error) return error;
-
-                        console.log('Updated app %s with new domain', app.id);
-
-                        callback();
-                    });
-                }
-            ], callback);
-        }, function (error) {
-            if (error) return callback(error);
-
-            // finally drop the altDomain db field
-            db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps DROP COLUMN altDomain', [], callback);
-        });
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps ADD COLUMN altDomain VARCHAR(256)', [], callback);
-};

migrations/20180211052642-mailboxes-alter-domains-constraint.js

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-var async = require('async');
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    async.series([
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'START TRANSACTION;'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE mailboxes DROP FOREIGN KEY mailboxes_domain_constraint'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE mailboxes ADD CONSTRAINT mailboxes_domain_constraint FOREIGN KEY(domain) REFERENCES mail(domain)'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'COMMIT')
-    ], callback);
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE mailboxes DROP FOREIGN KEY mailboxes_domain_constraint', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20180405222626-mailboxes-add-members.js

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-var async = require('async');
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    var users = { }, groupMembers = { };
-
-    async.series([
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'START TRANSACTION;'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE mailboxes ADD COLUMN membersJson TEXT'),
-        function getUsers(done) {
-            db.all('SELECT * from users', [ ], function (error, results) {
-                if (error) return done(error);
-
-                results.forEach(function (result) { users[result.id] = result; });
-
-                done();
-            });
-        },
-        function getGroups(done) {
-            db.all('SELECT id, name, GROUP_CONCAT(groupMembers.userId) AS userIds ' +
-                ' FROM userGroups LEFT OUTER JOIN groupMembers ON userGroups.id = groupMembers.groupId ' +
-                ' GROUP BY userGroups.id', [ ], function (error, results) {
-                if (error) return done(error);
-
-                results.forEach(function (result) {
-                    var userIds = result.userIds ? result.userIds.split(',') : [];
-                    var members = userIds.map(function (id) { return users[id].username; });
-                    groupMembers[result.id] = members;
-                });
-
-                done();
-            });
-        },
-        function removeGroupIdAndSetMembers(done) {
-            async.eachSeries(Object.keys(groupMembers), function (gid, iteratorDone) {
-                console.log(`Migrating group id ${gid} to ${JSON.stringify(groupMembers[gid])}`);
-
-                db.runSql('UPDATE mailboxes SET membersJson = ?, ownerId = ? WHERE ownerId = ?', [ JSON.stringify(groupMembers[gid]), 'admin', gid ], iteratorDone);
-            }, done);
-        },
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'COMMIT')
-    ], callback);
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE mailboxes DROP COLUMN membersJson', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20180408014539-mailboxes-add-type.js

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-var async = require('async');
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    async.series([
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'START TRANSACTION;'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE mailboxes ADD COLUMN type VARCHAR(16)'),
-        function addMailboxType(done) {
-            db.all('SELECT * from mailboxes', [ ], function (error, results) {
-                if (error) return done(error);
-
-                async.eachSeries(results, function (mailbox, iteratorCallback) {
-                    let type = 'mailbox';
-                    if (mailbox.aliasTarget) {
-                        type = 'alias';
-                    } else if (mailbox.membersJson) {
-                        type = 'list';
-                    }
-                    db.runSql('UPDATE mailboxes SET type = ? WHERE name = ? AND domain = ?', [ type, mailbox.name, mailbox.domain ], iteratorCallback);
-                }, done);
-            });
-        },
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE mailboxes MODIFY type VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'COMMIT')
-    ], callback);
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE mailboxes DROP COLUMN membersJson', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20180425142932-user-add-twoFactorAuthenticationSecret.js

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN twoFactorAuthenticationSecret VARCHAR(128) DEFAULT "", ADD COLUMN twoFactorAuthenticationEnabled BOOLEAN DEFAULT false', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE users DROP twoFactorAuthenticationSecret, DROP twoFactorAuthenticationEnabled', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20180429235008-fixes-scopes.js

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('UPDATE clients SET scope=? WHERE id=? OR id=? OR id=?', ['*', 'cid-webadmin', 'cid-sdk', 'cid-cli'], function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-
-        db.runSql('UPDATE tokens SET scope=? WHERE scope LIKE ?', ['*', '%*%'], function (error) { // remove the roleSdk
-            if (error) console.error(error);
-
-            db.runSql('UPDATE tokens SET expires=? WHERE clientId=?', [ 1525636734905, 'cid-webadmin' ], function (error) { // force webadmin to get a new token
-                if (error) console.error(error);
-
-                callback(error);
-            });
-        });
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    callback();
-};

migrations/20180511222705-apps-add-owner-id.js

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-var async = require('async');
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    async.series([
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'START TRANSACTION;'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE apps ADD COLUMN ownerId VARCHAR(128)'),
-        function (next) {
-            db.all('SELECT id FROM users ORDER BY createdAt LIMIT 1', [ ], function (error, results) {
-                if (error || results.length === 0) return next(error);
-
-                var ownerId = results[0].id;
-                db.runSql('UPDATE apps SET ownerId=?', [ ownerId ], next);
-            });
-        },
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE apps MODIFY ownerId VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'ALTER TABLE apps ADD CONSTRAINT apps_owner_constraint FOREIGN KEY(ownerId) REFERENCES users(id)'),
-        db.runSql.bind(db, 'COMMIT'),
-    ], callback);
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps DROP COLUMN ownerId', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20180627010633-apps-add-ts.js

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps ADD COLUMN ts TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps DROP COLUMN ts ', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20180628162142-subdomains-create-table.js

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    var cmd = 'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS subdomains(' +
-                'appId VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,' +
-                'domain VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,' +
-                'subdomain VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,' +
-                'type VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,' +
-                'dnsRecordId VARCHAR(512),' +
-                'FOREIGN KEY(domain) REFERENCES domains(domain),' +
-                'FOREIGN KEY(appId) REFERENCES apps(id),' +
-                'UNIQUE (subdomain, domain)) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin';
-
-    db.runSql(cmd, function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('DROP TABLE subdomains', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20180628163616-migrate-app-subdomains.js

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-var async = require('async');
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.all('SELECT * from apps', [ ], function (error, results) {
-        if (error) return callback(error);
-
-        var queries = [
-            db.runSql.bind(db, 'START TRANSACTION;')
-        ];
-
-        results.forEach(function (app) {
-            queries.push(db.runSql.bind(db, 'INSERT INTO subdomains (appId, domain, subdomain, type, dnsRecordId) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)', [ app.id, app.domain, app.location, 'primary', app.dnsRecordId ]));
-        });
-
-        queries.push(db.runSql.bind(db, 'COMMIT'));
-
-        async.series(queries, callback);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('DELETE FROM subdomains', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};

migrations/20180629090543-remove-app-location-and-domain.js

@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-var async = require('async');
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE apps DROP INDEX location_domain_unique_index, DROP FOREIGN KEY apps_domain_constraint, DROP COLUMN domain, DROP COLUMN location, DROP COLUMN dnsRecordId', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.all('SELECT * from subdomains WHERE type = ?', [ 'primary' ], function (error, results) {
-        if (error) return callback(error);
-
-        var cmd = 'ALTER TABLE apps'
-        + ' ADD COLUMN location VARCHAR(128),'
-        + ' ADD COLUMN domain VARCHAR(128),'
-        + ' ADD COLUMN dnsRecordId VARCHAR(512)';
-
-        db.runSql(cmd, function (error) {
-            if (error) return callback(error);
-
-            var queries = [ db.runSql.bind(db, 'START TRANSACTION;') ];
-            results.forEach(function (d) {
-                queries.push(db.runSql.bind(db, 'UPDATE apps SET domain = ?, location = ?, dnsRecordId = ? WHERE id = ?', [ d.domain, d.subdomain, d.appId, d.dnsRecordId ]));
-            });
-            queries.push(db.runSql.bind(db, 'COMMIT'));
-
-            async.series(queries, function (error) {
-                if (error) return callback(error);
-
-                var cmd = 'ALTER TABLE apps'
-                + ' ADD CONSTRAINT apps_domain_constraint FOREIGN KEY(domain) REFERENCES domains(domain),'
-                + ' ADD UNIQUE location_domain_unique_index (location, domain)';
-
-                db.runSql(cmd, callback);
-            });
-        });
-    });
-};

migrations/20180629201251-remove-subdomains-dnsRecordId.js

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE subdomains DROP COLUMN dnsRecordId', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE subdomains ADD COLUMN dnsRecordId VARCHAR(512)', function (error) {
-        if (error) return callback(error);
-        callback();
-    });
-};

migrations/20180726213634-users-add-admin.js

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-'use strict';
-
-var async = require('async');
-
-exports.up = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN admin BOOLEAN DEFAULT 0', function (error) {
-        if (error) return callback(error);
-
-        db.all('SELECT userId FROM groupMembers WHERE groupId=?', [ 'admin' ], function (error, results) {
-            if (error) return callback(error);
-
-            if (results.length === 0) return callback();
-
-            async.eachSeries(results, function (result, iteratorDone) {
-                db.runSql('UPDATE users SET admin=1 WHERE id=?', [ result.userId ], iteratorDone);
-            }, function (error) {
-                if (error) return callback(error);
-
-                async.series([
-                    db.runSql.bind(db, 'DELETE FROM groupMembers WHERE groupId=?', [ 'admin' ]),
-                    db.runSql.bind(db, 'DELETE FROM userGroups WHERE id=?', [ 'admin' ])
-                ], callback);
-            });
-        });
-    });
-};
-
-exports.down = function(db, callback) {
-    db.runSql('ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN admin', function (error) {
-        if (error) console.error(error);
-        callback(error);
-    });
-};
-